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薄伽梵歌 / 章 18 / 頌 43
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薄伽梵歌 18.43

梵文
印地語
梵文

शौर्यं तेजो धृतिर्दाक्ष्यं युद्धे चाप्यपलायनम् | दानमीश्वरभावश्च क्षात्रं कर्म स्वभावजम्

音譯

śauryaṃ tejo dhṛtirdākṣyaṃ yuddhe cāpyapalāyanam . dānamīśvarabhāvaśca kṣātraṃ karma svabhāvajam

繁體中文

剎帝利 (Kṣatriya) 的自然職責是:英勇、大膽、堅韌、靈巧,以及不從戰場上退縮、慷慨和統治力。

English

The natural duties of the Ksatriyas are heroism, boldness, fortitude, capability, and also not retreating from battle, generosity and lordliness.

釋義 — 繁體中文

剎帝利 (Kṣatriya) (武士階級或王室血統之人) 的首要職責是勇敢和俠義。英勇是一種崇高的美德,透過它,人自然而然地強壯、充滿活力和勇氣。即使面對最可怕的災難,心意也絲毫不受擾動。剎帝利在任何不利或艱難的條件或環境下都堅定不移。即使身處逆境,他也不會絲毫沮喪。靈巧是理智在所有不利環境中找到出路並最終達到目標的技能。這就是堅韌、毅力或勇氣。「Dakṣya」指敏捷。他能夠在需要迅速關注的事務上當場做出正確決定,毫不混亂地履行突然出現並需要迅速行動的職責。正如向日葵總是面向太陽,他也總是面對敵人。他永遠不會在戰場上背對敵人。他絕對無畏。正如樹木將其花果自由地給予任何需要它們的人,正如茉莉花向四面八方散發其甜美芬芳,剎帝利也同樣慷慨地將任何被要求之物給予他人。他的慈善是無限的。統治力:剎帝利國王因其對臣民的確切保護而享有主權,對應受統治的臣民行使統治權,並舉起懲罰之杖來懲罰不義或邪惡之人。

釋義 — English

It is the first duty of Kshatriya (man of the warrior class or of royal blood) to be brave and chivalrous. Bravery is that sublime virtue through which one is naturally strong? vigorous and courageous. In the face of the most terrible calamity the mind will not be in the least perturbed. The Kshatriya is firm under any unfavourable or trying conditions or circumstances. He does not get the least depression of spirit even when he is in adverse circumstances. It is the skill by which the reason finds out its path amidst all untoward circumstances and eventually attains its goal. This is firmness? fortitude or courage.Dakshya Promptness He is able to decide rightly on the spot in matters that deman prompt attention doing without confusion? of duties which present themselves all of a sudden and demand prompt action.As the sunflower always turns its face towards the sun so does he always face his enemies. He will ever avoid turning his back to them on the field of battle. He is absolutely fearless. Just as a tree gives away its flowers and fruits freely to whoever desires them? as the jasmine sends out its sweet fragrace in every direction? so will a Kshatriya generously give to another whatever may be asked of him. His charity is boundless.Lordliness A Kshatriya king enjoys sovereignty over his subjects owing to the sure protection he grants them? exercises ruling power over his subjects who are to be ruled? and raises the rod of chastisement to punish the unrighteous or the wicked.

梵文
繁體中文
English
शौर्यम् (śauryam)
英勇
prowess
तेजः (tejaḥ)
光輝
splendour
धृतिः (dhṛtiḥ)
堅韌
firmness
दाक्ष्यम् (dākṣyam)
靈巧
dexterity
युद्धे (yuddhe)
在戰鬥中
in battle
च (ca)
和
and
अपि (api)
也
also
अपलायनम् (apalāyanam)
不逃跑
not fleeing
दानम् (dānam)
慷慨
generosity
ईश्वरभावः (īśvarabhāvaḥ)
統治力
lordliness
च (ca)
和
and
क्षात्रम् (kṣātram)
剎帝利的
of Kshatriyas
कर्म (karma)
行為
action
स्वभावजम् (svabhāvajam)
源於本性
born of nature.
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18.1阿周那(Arjuna)說道:噢,大臂者赫利希凱沙(Hrsikesa),噢,凱西(Kesi)惡魔的殺戮者,我希望分別了解「捨棄」(Sannyasa)與「放棄」(Tyaga)的真諦。18.2至尊主說道:智者們將「捨棄」(Sannyasa)視為放棄帶有獎賞慾望的行為。賢者們則稱放棄所有行為的結果為「放棄」(Tyaga)。18.3一些哲學家認為,行為因其帶有過失而應被放棄;而另一些人則說,祭祀、佈施與苦行等行為不應被捨棄。18.4噢,婆羅多(Bharata)後裔中最優秀者,請聽我關於「放棄」(Tyaga)的堅定結論。噢,人中之虎,確實,「放棄」已被明確宣稱為三種類型。18.5祭祀、佈施與苦行等行為不應被捨棄;它們確實應當被實踐。祭祀、佈施與苦行,確實是智者的淨化之道。18.6但是,噢,波利塔(Partha),即使這些行為,也必須在捨棄執著和對結果的渴望下進行。這是我的堅定且最上乘的結論。18.7捨棄義務性行為(Niyata Karma)是不恰當的。若因迷惑而放棄這些行為,則被宣稱為出於「塔瑪斯」(Tamas)愚昧本性。18.8凡是因其痛苦,或因懼怕身體勞苦而捨棄的行為,那人所行的捨棄,是屬於「羅闍」(Rajas)性的捨棄,必不能獲得捨棄的果報。18.9亞爾諸那啊!凡是僅因其為應盡之責而履行的「尼亞塔」(Niyata)行為,捨棄了執著與果報,那樣的捨棄,被認為是「悅性」(Sattvic)的。18.10捨棄者,若其心充滿「悅性」(Sattva),具備智慧且疑慮已斷,他不厭惡不合宜的行為,也不執著於合宜的行為。