薄伽梵歌 / 章 18 / 頌 2

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薄伽梵歌 18.2

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श्रीभगवानुवाच | काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासं संन्यासं कवयो विदुः | सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं प्राहुस्त्यागं विचक्षणाः

音譯

śrībhagavānuvāca . kāmyānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ saṃnyāsaṃ kavayo viduḥ . sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ prāhustyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇāḥ

繁體中文

至尊主說道：智者們將「捨棄」（Sannyasa）視為放棄帶有獎賞慾望的行為。賢者們則稱放棄所有行為的結果為「放棄」（Tyaga）。

English

The Blessed Lord said The learned ones know sannyasa to be the giving up of actions done with a desire for reward. The adepts call the abandonment of the results of all works as tyaga.

釋義 — 繁體中文

智者將「捨棄」（Sannyasa）定義為放棄帶有獎賞慾望的行為。而賢者則稱「放棄」（Tyaga）為捨棄所有行為的結果。

釋義 — English

By Swami Sivananda18.2 काम्यानाम् (of) desireful? कर्मणाम् of actions? न्यासम् the renunciation? संन्यासम् Sannyasa? कवयः the sages? विदुः understand? सर्वकर्मफलत्यागम् the abandonment of the fruits of all works? प्राहुः declare? त्यागम् abandonment? विचक्षणाः the wise.Commentary Kamya Karmani Activities such as the Asvamedha (a special sacrifice)? etc.? which are performed for the attainment of specific selfish ends. The wise men declare that Tyaga means abandonment of the fruits of all the Nitya and Naimittika works (ordinary and extraordinary or occasional duties).The rootmeaning of the words Sannyasa and Tyaga is to give up. In popular usage Sannyasa and Tyaga are more or less synonymous. Both mean renunciation. The two words do not mean two altogether distinct ideas as stone and fruit? or pot and cloth. They convey the same general idea with a slight distinction.An objector asks It is said that the Nitya and Naimittika actions cannot produce any fruits. Why then is the relinishment of their fruits mentioned here It is like asking for the relinishment of the barren womans sonWe say The objection is not correct. In the opinion of the Lord? ordinary and occasional duties cause their own fruits (vide XVIII.12). Sannyasins alone who have renounced the desire for the fruits of actions will not get the fruits? but other persons will have to reap the fruits of the ordinary and occasional actions.If one renounces all actions after the attainment of Selfrealisation and enters into the fourth order of life (Sannyasa) it is called VidvatSannyasa. If one renounces all actions and enters into the order of Sannyasa for the sake of doing VedantaVichara (or reflection on the truths of the Vedantaphilosophy and on the true significance of the great sentences of the Upanishads which reveal the identity of the individual soul with the Supreme Being) and for thus attaining Selfrealisation? it is called VividishaSannyasa.

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繁體中文

काम्यानाम् (kāmyānām)

帶有慾望的； कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) — 關於行為、業； न्यासम् (nyāsam) — 捨棄； संन्यासम् (saṃnyāsam) — 捨棄（Sannyasa）； कवयः (kavayaḥ) — 智者； विदुः (viduḥ) — 了解； सर्वकर्मफलत्यागम् (sarvakarmaphalatyāgam) — 放棄所有行為的結果； प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) — 宣稱； त्यागम् (tyāgam) — 放棄（Tyaga）； विचक्षणाः (vicakṣaṇāḥ) — 賢者。

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18.1阿周那（Arjuna）說道：噢，大臂者赫利希凱沙（Hrsikesa），噢，凱西（Kesi）惡魔的殺戮者，我希望分別了解「捨棄」（Sannyasa）與「放棄」（Tyaga）的真諦。18.3一些哲學家認為，行為因其帶有過失而應被放棄；而另一些人則說，祭祀、佈施與苦行等行為不應被捨棄。18.4噢，婆羅多（Bharata）後裔中最優秀者，請聽我關於「放棄」（Tyaga）的堅定結論。噢，人中之虎，確實，「放棄」已被明確宣稱為三種類型。18.5祭祀、佈施與苦行等行為不應被捨棄；它們確實應當被實踐。祭祀、佈施與苦行，確實是智者的淨化之道。18.6但是，噢，波利塔（Partha），即使這些行為，也必須在捨棄執著和對結果的渴望下進行。這是我的堅定且最上乘的結論。18.7捨棄義務性行為（Niyata Karma）是不恰當的。若因迷惑而放棄這些行為，則被宣稱為出於「塔瑪斯」（Tamas）愚昧本性。18.8凡是因其痛苦，或因懼怕身體勞苦而捨棄的行為，那人所行的捨棄，是屬於「羅闍」（Rajas）性的捨棄，必不能獲得捨棄的果報。18.9亞爾諸那啊！凡是僅因其為應盡之責而履行的「尼亞塔」（Niyata）行為，捨棄了執著與果報，那樣的捨棄，被認為是「悅性」（Sattvic）的。18.10捨棄者，若其心充滿「悅性」（Sattva），具備智慧且疑慮已斷，他不厭惡不合宜的行為，也不執著於合宜的行為。18.11對於一個執持身體的眾生而言，要完全捨棄所有行為是不可能的；因此，那捨棄行為果報的人，才被稱為「捨棄者」（Tyagi）。