薄伽梵歌 18.18

知识、认知者与所知之物，三者共同构成了此世的种子，这被称为“三联体”（Triputi）或“三元组”。正是这三者的结合，推动着一个人进行三重行动：心智的、言语的和身体的。这一三元组是人类所有活动的驱动力。人见到美味甜点和可口水果便心生欢喜，而见到眼镜蛇或老虎则心生恐惧。愉悦或不愉悦的景象影响着他，促使他试图占有合意的对象或避开不合意的对象。内在工具（Antahkarana）包括心智、理智、潜意识和自我。耳、皮肤、舌、鼻和眼是五种感官（知识器官）。个体灵魂受这五种感官的驱动，从而投入行动。他借助五种行动器官——言语、手、脚、生殖器和排泄器——进行活动。知识（Jnanam）泛指一切知识，包括世俗知识等。所知（Jneyam）泛指一切可知之物。认知者（Parijnata）是认知的主体，体验者或享乐者，受制于限制性条件，是无明（avidya）的产物。这一三元组构成了所有行动，即一般行动的三重冲动。为了获取某物或避免某物而进行行动，只有当知识、所知之物和认知者三者结合时才可能。工具（Karanam）指凭借其完成某事的器官。由身体等五种行动原因所完成的行动，根据其各自的所在（心智、言语和身体）分为三类，所有这些都源于工具等的相互作用。行动者（Karta）是行动的主体或执行者，他驱动器官进行活动，并承担其行动所依附的限制性条件或载体的性质。所有行动都内在于这三者（工具、行动者和行动本身），因此，它们被认为是行动的基础或三重构成要素。由于行动、行动的各种因素及其结果都由“三性”（Gunas）构成，主在接下来的诗节中将对此进行阐述。

Knowledge? the knower and the thing to be known? are together the seed of this world. This is known as the Triputi or the traid. It is the conjunction of these three that impels a man to threefold action? viz.? mental? verbal and physical. This triad is the driving force of all the activities of man. He rejoices at the sight of palatable sweetmeats and delicious fruits but is terrified at the sight of a cobra or tiger. The sight of pleasant or unpleasant objects affects him and he attempts either to possess the agreeable objects or to avoid the disagreeable ones.The Antahkarana (the inner instrument) consists of the mind? intellect? subconscious mind and egoism. The ear? the skin? the tongue? the nose and the eye are the five organs of knowledge. The individual soul? propelled by these five senses? is led into activity. He does actions with the help of the five organs of action? viz.? speech? hands? feet? genitals and anus.Jnanam Any knowledge knowledge in general knowledge of worldly objects? etc.Jneyam The object to be known objects in general.Parijnata The knower? the experiencer or the enjoyer? putting on the nature of the limiting adjuncts? a creature of ignorance.This triad forms the threefold impulse to all action? to action in general. The performance of an action in order to get a thing or to avoid an object is possible only when there is the conjunction of the three? viz.? knowledge? knowable and knower.Karanam The organ That by which something is done. The actions done by the five causes of action? viz.? the body? etc.? which are grouped under the three classes according to their respective seats? viz.? mind? speech and body? are all due to the interplay of the organ? etc.Karta The agent or the doer he who sets the organs in motion or action and puts on the nature of the limiting adjunct or vehicle in which he acts. All actions inhere in these three (the organ? the doer and the action itself) and they are? therefore? said to form the basis or the threefold constituents of action.As action? the various factors of action and the fruits are all made up of the Gunas? the Lord describes them in the following verses.