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薄伽梵歌 / 章 18 / 頌 40
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薄伽梵歌 18.40

梵文
印地語
梵文

न तदस्ति पृथिव्यां वा दिवि देवेषु वा पुनः | सत्त्वं प्रकृतिजैर्मुक्तं यदेभिः स्यात्त्रिभिर्गुणैः

音譯

na tadasti pṛthivyāṃ vā divi deveṣu vā punaḥ . sattvaṃ prakṛtijairmuktaṃ yadebhiḥ syāttribhirguṇaiḥ

繁體中文

無論在地上,或在天上眾神之中,沒有任何存在能脫離這三種源於原質 (Prakṛti) 的屬性 (guṇas)。

English

There is no such entity in the world or, again, among the gods in heaven, which can be free from these three gunas born of Nature.

釋義 — 繁體中文

古納 (Guṇas) 就像布匹中的經緯線一樣,構成萬事萬物。無論是在凡人世界,還是在天界,沒有任何生物能不受這三種原質 (Prakṛti) 屬性的束縛。沒有線,豈能有布?沒有血肉骨骼,豈能有人?沒有石頭,豈能有山?同樣地,在整個宇宙中,沒有任何一個生物的構成不包含這三種物質屬性。整個創造都是由這三種屬性編織而成。它們產生了三位一體 (梵天、毗濕奴和濕婆)。在凡人世界中,行動者、行動和果報的三重性也源於它們。它們是四種種姓不同職能的原因。第十五章第一節將輪迴 (Saṃsāra) 比作菩提樹。這個輪迴是由這三種屬性構成,並由無明的力量維持。行動、行動的工具和果報使輪迴之輪轉動,這個輪迴從無始以來一直在旋轉。只有透過證悟自我 (Ātman) 而獲得解脫的聖者,才能阻止這個輪迴,超越因果,打破業 (Karma) 的束縛。用不執著的堅韌之劍斬斷這神秘的輪迴之樹,超越這三種古納 (Guṇas),安住於你自身本質的神聖本性,即「存在-知識-至福」的絕對狀態。

釋義 — English

The Gunas form the warp and woof of everything as threads do in the case of cloth.Here in the world of mortals or there in the heavenworld? there is no creature that is not bound by the three alities of Nature. Can there be a cloth without threads Can there be a man without blood and bones Can there be a mountain without stones Even so there is not a single creature in the whole universe into whose composition the three alities of matter do not enter. The whole of creation is wrought of these three alities. They have given rise to the Trinity (Brahma? Vishnu and Siva). In the world of mortals the triplicity of agent? action and fruit owe their origin to them. They are the cause of the different functions of the four castes. This Samsara has been compared to the peepul tree in chapter XV.1. This Samsara is made up of the three alities and is kept up by the force of ignorance.Action? instruments of action and fruits have set the wheel of Samsara in motion and this wheel is revolving from beginningless time. It is only a liberated sage who has attained knowledge of the Self who puts a check to this wheel? goes beyond the cause and the effect? and breaks the bonds of Karma.Cut this mysterious tree of Samsara with the strong sword of nonattachment? transcend the three Gunas and rest in your own essential divine nature as ExistenceKnowledgeBliss Absolute.

梵文
繁體中文
English
न (na)
不
not
तत् (tat)
那個
that
अस्ति (asti)
是
is
पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām)
在地上
on the earth
वा (vā)
或
or
दिवि (divi)
在天上
in heaven
देवेषु (deveṣu)
在眾神中
among the gods
वा (vā)
或
or
पुनः (punaḥ)
再者
again
सत्त्वम् (sattvam)
存在
being
प्रकृतिजैः (prakṛtijaiḥ)
源於原質 (Prakṛti)
born of Prakriti (matter)
मुक्तम् (muktam)
解脫的
freed
यत् (yat)
哪個
which
एभिः (ebhiḥ)
從這些
from these
स्यात् (syāt)
可能
may be
त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ)
從三種
from three
गुणैः (guṇaiḥ)
屬性 (古納)
by alities.
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18.1阿周那(Arjuna)說道:噢,大臂者赫利希凱沙(Hrsikesa),噢,凱西(Kesi)惡魔的殺戮者,我希望分別了解「捨棄」(Sannyasa)與「放棄」(Tyaga)的真諦。18.2至尊主說道:智者們將「捨棄」(Sannyasa)視為放棄帶有獎賞慾望的行為。賢者們則稱放棄所有行為的結果為「放棄」(Tyaga)。18.3一些哲學家認為,行為因其帶有過失而應被放棄;而另一些人則說,祭祀、佈施與苦行等行為不應被捨棄。18.4噢,婆羅多(Bharata)後裔中最優秀者,請聽我關於「放棄」(Tyaga)的堅定結論。噢,人中之虎,確實,「放棄」已被明確宣稱為三種類型。18.5祭祀、佈施與苦行等行為不應被捨棄;它們確實應當被實踐。祭祀、佈施與苦行,確實是智者的淨化之道。18.6但是,噢,波利塔(Partha),即使這些行為,也必須在捨棄執著和對結果的渴望下進行。這是我的堅定且最上乘的結論。18.7捨棄義務性行為(Niyata Karma)是不恰當的。若因迷惑而放棄這些行為,則被宣稱為出於「塔瑪斯」(Tamas)愚昧本性。18.8凡是因其痛苦,或因懼怕身體勞苦而捨棄的行為,那人所行的捨棄,是屬於「羅闍」(Rajas)性的捨棄,必不能獲得捨棄的果報。18.9亞爾諸那啊!凡是僅因其為應盡之責而履行的「尼亞塔」(Niyata)行為,捨棄了執著與果報,那樣的捨棄,被認為是「悅性」(Sattvic)的。18.10捨棄者,若其心充滿「悅性」(Sattva),具備智慧且疑慮已斷,他不厭惡不合宜的行為,也不執著於合宜的行為。