薄伽梵歌 18.18

知識、知者與所知共同構成了此世界的種子，此即所謂的「三聯體」（Triputi）。這三者的結合驅使人們進行心靈、言語和身體的三重行為。此三聯體是人類一切活動的驅動力。例如，人見到美味甜點和水果會歡喜，見到眼鏡蛇或老虎則會恐懼。愉悅或不愉悅的對象會影響他，他會試圖擁有愉悅之物或避免不悅之物。內在工具（Antahkarana）包含心智、理智、潛意識和自我。耳、膚、舌、鼻、眼是五種知識器官。個體靈魂受這五種感官驅動，從而產生行動。他藉助言語、手、足、生殖器和肛門這五種行動器官來執行行為。廣義的知識，對世間萬物的知識等，皆為「知識」（Jñānam）。「所知」（Jñeyam）指廣義上待知的對象。而「知者」（Parijñātā）則是體驗者或享受者，披上限制性附屬物的本質，是無明之下的眾生。這三者構成了所有行動，廣義上一切行動的三重動機。為了獲得某物或避免某物而執行行動，只有在知識、所知與知者三者結合時才可能。工具（Karaṇam）指藉由其完成某事者。由身體等五種行為原因所執行的行為，根據其各自的處所（心智、言語和身體）分為三類，皆是工具等相互作用的結果。行為者（Kartā）是行動的發起者，他驅動器官進行行動，並披上其所行動之限制性附屬物或載具的本質。所有行為都存在於這三者（工具、行為者和行為本身）之中，因此，它們被稱為構成行為的基礎或三重要素。由於行為、行為的各種因素和果報都由古納（Gunas）組成，主在接下來的經文中將對它們進行描述。

Knowledge? the knower and the thing to be known? are together the seed of this world. This is known as the Triputi or the traid. It is the conjunction of these three that impels a man to threefold action? viz.? mental? verbal and physical. This triad is the driving force of all the activities of man. He rejoices at the sight of palatable sweetmeats and delicious fruits but is terrified at the sight of a cobra or tiger. The sight of pleasant or unpleasant objects affects him and he attempts either to possess the agreeable objects or to avoid the disagreeable ones.The Antahkarana (the inner instrument) consists of the mind? intellect? subconscious mind and egoism. The ear? the skin? the tongue? the nose and the eye are the five organs of knowledge. The individual soul? propelled by these five senses? is led into activity. He does actions with the help of the five organs of action? viz.? speech? hands? feet? genitals and anus.Jnanam Any knowledge knowledge in general knowledge of worldly objects? etc.Jneyam The object to be known objects in general.Parijnata The knower? the experiencer or the enjoyer? putting on the nature of the limiting adjuncts? a creature of ignorance.This triad forms the threefold impulse to all action? to action in general. The performance of an action in order to get a thing or to avoid an object is possible only when there is the conjunction of the three? viz.? knowledge? knowable and knower.Karanam The organ That by which something is done. The actions done by the five causes of action? viz.? the body? etc.? which are grouped under the three classes according to their respective seats? viz.? mind? speech and body? are all due to the interplay of the organ? etc.Karta The agent or the doer he who sets the organs in motion or action and puts on the nature of the limiting adjunct or vehicle in which he acts. All actions inhere in these three (the organ? the doer and the action itself) and they are? therefore? said to form the basis or the threefold constituents of action.As action? the various factors of action and the fruits are all made up of the Gunas? the Lord describes them in the following verses.