薄伽梵歌 / 章 14 / 頌 18

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薄伽梵歌 14.18

梵文

印地語

梵文

ऊर्ध्वं गच्छन्ति सत्त्वस्था मध्ये तिष्ठन्ति राजसाः | जघन्यगुणवृत्तिस्था अधो गच्छन्ति तामसाः

音譯

ūrdhvaṃ gacchanti sattvasthā madhye tiṣṭhanti rājasāḥ . jaghanyaguṇavṛttisthā adho gacchanti tāmasāḥ

繁體中文

安住於悅性者向上提升；變性者居於中間；安住於最低劣屬性之行為者，即惰性者，向下沉淪。

English

People who conform to sattva go higher up; those who conform to rajas stay in the middle; those who conform to tamas, who conform to the actions of the lowest ality, go down.

釋義 — 繁體中文

安住於悅性的人，捨棄肉身後，將升入天界。變性的人，則轉生於此世為人。惰性的人則向下沉淪，即可能投生為牲畜或野獸，或在人類中最低劣的階層出生。這些最低劣的人類，雖具人形，其行為卻如禽獸。人因無明或幻覺知識的力量而認同自然，並執著於自然的屬性，這便是其在高低眾生胎中受生的原因。他因執著於諸屬性而感到快樂、痛苦或迷惑。

釋義 — English

Those who abide in Sattva become the lords of heaven after giving up the physical body. The Rajasic are rorn on this earth as human beings. The Tamasic go downwards? i.e.? they will be born in the wormbs of cattle and beasts. They may take their birth amongst the lowest grades of human beings. The lowest grades of human beings are only brutes though they have assumed human form. Their actions are brutal. Therefore it is not necessary for them to enter into animal incarnation.Man identifies himself with Nature on account of the force of ignorance or illusory knowledge and gets attached to the alities of Nature. This is the cause of his birth in the wombs of high or low creatures. He feels? I am happy? miserable or deluded? on account of the attachment to the Gunas.The nature of the Gunas? their functions? how they bind a man to the Samsara? the effects of each Guna when it is predominant? and the plane reached by the man when he is under the influence of a particular Guna are described in the previous verses. Now the Lord describes in the following verse that liberation comes when one knows Him Who is above the three Gunas.

梵文
繁體中文
English

ऊर्ध्वम्

向上； गच्छन्ति — 前往； सत्त्वस्थाः — 安住於悅性者； मध्ये — 在中間； तिष्ठन्ति — 停留； राजसाः — 變性者； जघन्यगुणवृत्तिस्थाः — 安住於最低劣屬性之行為者； अधः — 向下； गच्छन्ति — 前往； तामसाः — 惰性者。

upwards

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14.1世尊說：我將再次宣說至高無上的知識，此乃一切知識中之最上者，諸牟尼（聖者）藉由了悟此知識，從此世達到了最高的圓滿。14.2那些依止此知識而與我合一者，即使在創世之時亦不復誕生，在毀滅之時亦不受苦痛。14.3我的子宮是偉大的原質（Mahad Brahma）。我將種子置於其中。婆羅多後裔啊，從那裡，一切眾生得以誕生。14.4貢蒂之子啊，無論何種形體從所有子宮中誕生，偉大的原質（Mahad Brahma）是它們的子宮，而我則是播下種子的父親。14.5大臂者啊，悅性（Sattva）、變性（Rajas）和惰性（Tamas）這三種源於原質（Prakriti）的特性，將不朽的有身者束縛於身體之中。14.6其中，悅性（Sattva）因其純淨，故能發光且無害。無罪者啊，它透過對快樂的執著和對知識的執著來束縛（有身者）。14.7知道「羅闍」（Rajas）是激情之性，生於渴求與執著。俱胝之子啊，它透過對行動的執著，束縛著有身者。14.8然而，要知道「答磨」（Tamas）是生於無明，迷惑一切有身者。婆羅多後裔啊，它透過疏忽、懶惰和睡眠來束縛。14.9婆羅多後裔啊，悅性（Sattva）使人執著於快樂，羅闍（Rajas）使人執著於行動；而答磨（Tamas）則遮蔽知識，也導致疏忽。14.10婆羅多後裔啊，悅性（Sattva）透過壓制羅闍（Rajas）和答磨（Tamas）而增長；羅闍（Rajas）透過壓倒悅性（Sattva）和答磨（Tamas）而增長；答磨（Tamas）則透過支配悅性（Sattva）和羅闍（Rajas）而增長。