ഭഗവദ്ഗീത 13.9

ഇന്ദ്രിയങ്ങൾക്ക് വിഷയങ്ങളായ ശബ്ദം, സ്പർശം, രൂപം, രസം, ഗന്ധം എന്നിവയോടുള്ള ആസക്തിയില്ലായ്മയും, അഹങ്കാരമില്ലായ്മയും ജ്ഞാനത്തിൻ്റെ ലക്ഷണങ്ങളാണ്. ജനനം, മരണം, വാർദ്ധക്യം, രോഗങ്ങൾ, ദുഃഖങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയെല്ലാം ദോഷങ്ങളാണെന്ന് മനസ്സിലാക്കുന്നത് ആത്മജ്ഞാനത്തിലേക്ക് നയിക്കുന്നു.

The feeling of renunciation towards the objects of the senses is constant in the man of wisdom. He does not even like to talk about them. His senses do not run towards them.Vairagyam Indifference to the senseobjects such as sound? touch? etc.? for pleasure seen or unseen? heard or unheard (for pleasure in heaven? too).Anahankara The idea that arises in the mind I am superior to all? is egoism. Absence of this idea is Anahankara or absence of egoism.Reflection on the evils and miseries of birth? death? old age and sickness One has to dwell in the womb for nine months and to undergo the pangs of birth. These are the evils of birth. The man of wisdom never forgets the troubles of birth? death? old age? etc. He wants to avoid being born. In old age the intellect becomes dull and the memory is lost and the senses become cold and weak. There is decay of power and strength. The old man is treated with contempt by his relatives. These are the evils of old age. A sick man who suffers from piles? suffers from weakness and anaemia through loss of blood. A man suffering from malaria gets an enlarged spleen. These are the evils caused by sickness.Pain The three types of pain or afflictions are referred to in the Introduction.Pain itself is evil. Birth is painful. Birth is misery. Death is misery. Old age is misery. Sickness is misery. Birth? death? etc.? are all miseries? because they produce misery or pain.By such reflection and perception of the evil in these arises indifference to the pleasures of the body and the sensual pleasures. Then the mind turns within towards the innermost Self to attain knowledge of the Self. As the perception of the evil of pain in birth helps to obtain knowledge of the Self? it is spoken of as knowledge.