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Bhagavad Gita / Chapter 13 / Verse 32
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Bhagavad Gita 13.32

Sanskrit
Hindi
Sanskrit

अनादित्वान्निर्गुणत्वात्परमात्मायमव्ययः | शरीरस्थोऽपि कौन्तेय न करोति न लिप्यते

Transliteration

anāditvānnirguṇatvātparamātmāyamavyayaḥ . śarīrastho.api kaunteya na karoti na lipyate

English

Being without beginning and without alities, O son of Kunti, this immutable, supreme Self does not act. nor is It affected [Also translated as tainted.-Tr.], although existing in the body.

हिन्दी

हे कौन्तेय ! अनादि और निर्गुण होने से यह परमात्मा अव्यय है। शरीर में स्थित हुआ भी, वस्तुत:, वह न (कर्म) करता है और न (फलों से) लिप्त होता है।।

Explanation — English

The Supreme Self is beyond Nature. Therefore It is without alities. It is Nirguna. The activity in Nature is really due to its own alities which inhere in it. The Supreme Self existed before the body came into being and will continue to be after its dissolution. It is eternally the same and imperishable.Avyaya That which is free from the changes of birth and death or appearance and destruction. That which has a beginning has birth. After the object is born it is subject to the changes of being (growth? decay? etc.). As the Self is birthless? It is free from the changes of state (existence? birth? growth? change? decay and death). As the Self is free from all sorts of functions? It is Avyaya. Even if the reflection of the sun in the water moves? the sun does not move a bit. Even so the Supreme Self is not touched by the fruits of action as It is not the doer? as It is without the alities of Nature? or limbs? indivisible? devoid of parts? without action? beginningless and unattached and causeless.This Supreme Self is free from the three kinds of differences? viz.? Sajatiyabheda? Vijatiyabheda and Svagatabheda. A mango tree is different from a fig tree. This is Sajatiyabheda. A mango tree is different from a stone. This is Vijatiyabheda. In the same mango tree there is difference between leaves? flowers and fruits. This is Svagatabheda. But the Supreme Self is one without a second. There is no other Brahman Which is eal to It. Therefore? there cannot be Sajatiyabheda in Brahman. This world is a mere appearance. It is a mere figment of our imagination. It is superimposed on the Absolute on account of ignorance. An imaginary object has no independent existence apart from its substratum? just as the snake in the rope has no independent existence apart from its substratum? the rope. Therefore? there cannot be Vijatiyabheda in Brahman. Brahman is indivisible? partless? without alities? without form and without any limbs. Therefore there cannot be Svagatabheda in Brahman.Brahman or the Supreme Self is beginningless. It is without a cause. It is selfexistent. It is without parts. It is without alities. Therefore Brahman is imperishable. As It is unattached? It is neither the doer nor the enjoyer. If Brahman also is the doer and enjoyer. It is no longer Brahman. It is in no way better than ourselves. This cannot be. Agency and enjoyment are attributed to the ego on account of ignorance. It is Nature that acts. (Cf.V.14XV.9)

Explanation — हिन्दी

यद्यपि चैतन्य आत्मा के सान्निध्य मात्र से देहेन्द्रियादि उपाधियाँ स्वक्रियाओं में प्रवृत्त होती हैं? तथापि आत्मा सदा अकर्त्ता ही रहता है। शास्त्रों के इस प्रतिपादन को समझना वेदान्त के प्रारम्भिक विद्यार्थियों को कठिन प्रतीत होता है। इसलिए? उपनिषदों के ऋषियों ने विशेष परिश्रमपूर्वक हमें यह समझाने का प्रयत्न किया है कि किस प्रकार एकमेव अद्वितीय? परिपूर्ण सर्वव्यापी परमात्मा अकर्ता है। पहले भीगीता में कहा जा चुका है कि आत्मा क्षेत्र के साथ तादात्म्य करके जीवरूपक्षेत्रज्ञ बन जाता है? जो कर्मों का कर्ता और फलों का भोक्ता है।शरीरों में स्थित होने पर भी आत्मा के दोषमुक्तत्व को सिद्ध करने के लिए यहाँ कुछ हेतु दिये गये हैं। जब एक न्यायाधीश श्रीगोपाल राव किसी हत्यारे अपराधी को मृत्युदण्ड सुनाते हैं? तब उसकी मृत्यु का पातक न्यायाधीश को प्रभावित नहीं कर सकता। श्रीगोपाल राव न्यायालय में न्यायाधीश के पद पर आसीन होकर निर्णय देते हैं? न कि अपनी व्यक्तिगत क्षमता में।अनादि जिस वस्तु का कारण होता है? उसी का प्रारम्भ भी हो सकता है। प्रारम्भ रहित का अर्थ कारणरहित होगा। परम सत्य वह है जिससे सम्पूर्ण जगत् उत्पन्न हुआ है। अत परमात्मा कारण रहित कारण होने से अनादि कहा गया है। इसी कारण से वह अव्यय? अविनाशी भी है।निर्गुण गुणवान् वस्तु ही विकारी होती है। हमने देखा कि जगत्कारण परमात्मा अविकारी है? अत उसका निर्गुण होना भी आवश्यक है।यह परमात्मा अव्यय है जगत्कारण? अनादि और निर्गुण होने से परमात्मा का अव्ययत्व सिद्ध हो जाता है।यह परमात्मा अपने सान्निध्य मात्र से जड़ उपाधियों को चेतनवत् व्यवहार करने में सक्षम करता है? परन्तु वह स्वयं किसी प्रकार की क्रिया नहीं,करता।उपर्युक्त सिद्धांत वेदान्त के कुछ सूक्ष्म सिद्धांतों में से एक है? और दुर्बल मति के विद्यार्थियों को प्राय इसे समझने में कठिनाई अनुभव होती है। यद्यपि यह वेदान्त साहित्य का कठिन भाग माना गया है? तथापि प्रयत्नपूर्वक इस पर मनन करने से सन्देह और कठिनाई दूर हो सकती हैं।उपाधियों के सभी निषिद्ध और आसुरी कर्मों में भी आत्मा के अकर्तृत्वऔर निर्गुणत्व को दर्शाने के लिए? भगवान् कुछ दृष्टान्त देते हैं

Sanskrit
English
अनादित्वात्
being without beginning
निर्गुणत्वात्
being devoid of alities
परमात्मा
the Supreme Self
अयम्
this
अव्ययः
imperishable
शरीरस्थः
dwelling in this body
अपि
though
कौन्तेय
O son of Kunti (Arjuna)
न
not करोति acts
न
not
लिप्यते
is tainted.
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More from Chapter 13

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13.1Swami Gambhirananda has not translated this sloka. Many editions of the Bhagavadgita do not contain this sloka, including the commentary by Sankaracharya. If this sloka is included, the total number of slokas in the Bhagavadgita is 701.13.2The Blessed Lord said O son of Kunti, this body is referred to as the 'field'. Those who are versed in this call him who is conscious of it as the 'knower of the field'.13.3And, O scion of the Bharata dynasty, under-stand Me to be the 'Knower of the field' in all the fields. In My opinion, that is Knowledge which is the knowlege of th field and the knower of the field.13.4Hear from Me in brief about (all) that as to what that field is and how it is; what its changes are, and from what cause arises what effect; and who He is, and what His powers are.13.5It has been sung of in various ways by the Rsis, separately by the different kinds [The different branches of Vedic texts.] of Vedic texts, and also by the rational and convicing sentences themselves which are indicatvie of and lead of Brahman.13.6The great elements, egoism, intellect and the Unmanifest itself; the ten organs and the one, and the five objects of the senses;13.7Desire, repulsion, happiness, sorrow, the aggregate (of body and organs), sentience, fortitude- this field, together with its modifications, has been spoken of briefly.13.8Humility, unpretentiousness, non-injury, for-bearance, sincerity, service of the teacher, cleanliness, steadiness, control of body and organs;13.9Non-attachment with regard to objects of the senses, and also absence of egotism; seeing the evil in birth, death, old age, diseases and miseries;13.10Non-attachment and absence of fondness with regard to sons, wives, homes, etc., and constant eanimity of the mind with regard to the attainment of the desirable and the undesirable;