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Bhagavad Gita / Chapter 13 / Verse 4
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Bhagavad Gita 13.4

Sanskrit
Hindi
Sanskrit

तत्क्षेत्रं यच्च यादृक्च यद्विकारि यतश्च यत् | स च यो यत्प्रभावश्च तत्समासेन मे शृणु

Transliteration

tatkṣetraṃ yacca yādṛkca yadvikāri yataśca yat . sa ca yo yatprabhāvaśca tatsamāsena me śṛṇu

English

Hear from Me in brief about (all) that as to what that field is and how it is; what its changes are, and from what cause arises what effect; and who He is, and what His powers are.

हिन्दी

इसलिये, वह क्षेत्र जो है और जैसा है तथा जिन विकारों वाला है, और जिस (कारण) से जो (कार्य) हुआ है तथा वह (क्षेत्रज्ञ) भी जो है और जिस प्रभाव वाला है, वह संक्षेप में मुझसे सुनो।।

Explanation — English

I will tell you? O Arjuna? what the field is? why the body is called the field? what are its modifications or changes in other words what transformations it undergoes? what are its properties? what effects arise in it from what causes? to whom it belongs? whether it is cultivated or whether it grows wild.That field refers to the field mentioned in verse 1.Who He is Who is that knower of the field What are His powers (Prabhavas are powers such as the power of seeing? hearing? etc.) which originate from the limiting adjuncts (such as the eys? the ears? etc.) Do thou hear My speech which describes succinctly the real nature of the field and the knower of the field in all these specific aspects.O Arjuna? I am ite sure that thou wilt clearly comprehend the truth on hearing My speech.The body is the field. The ten senses represent the ten bulls. The bulls work unceasingly day and night through the field of the objects of the senses. The mind is the supervisor. The individual soul is the tenant. The five vital airs (Pranas) are the five labourers. The Primordial Nature is the mistress of the field. This field is Her property. She Herself watches over the field vigilantly. She is endowed with the three alities. Rajas sows the seed Sattva guards it Tamas reaps the harvest. On the threshing floor or MahatTattva (the cosmic mind) with the help of the ox called time? She -- Primordial Nature -- thrashes out the corn. If the individual soul does evil actions? it sows the seeds of sin? manures with evil? reaps a crop of sin? and undergoes the pains of Samsara? viz.? birth? decay? old age? sickness? and the three kinds of afflictions. If it does virtuous actions it sows the good seeds of virtue and reaps a crop of happiness.Lord Krishna now speaks very highly in the following verse of the true nature of the field and the knower of the field in order to create interest in the hearer.

Explanation — हिन्दी

भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण न केवल क्षेत्र की वस्तुओं का उल्लेख ही करेंगे? वरन् क्षेत्र के गुण धर्म? उसके विकार तथा कौन से कारण से ऋ़ौन सा कार्य उत्पन्न हुआ है? इसका भी वर्णन करेंगे। उसी प्रकार? क्षेत्रज्ञ का स्वरूप तथा उपाधियों से सम्बद्ध उसके प्रभाव को भी इस अध्याय में बतायेंगे। ये सब? मुझसे संक्षेप में सुनो।अनन्त आत्मा के स्वरूप को दर्शाने वाले विशेषणों को पुन दोहराने मात्र से अथवा उस पर विशेष बल देकर कहने से एक निष्ठावान् साधक को कोई विशेष लाभ भी नहीं होता और न उसके विकास में कोई सहायता मिलती है। जिन कारणों से हमारे जीवन की समस्यायें उत्पन्न होती हैं उनकी ओर से दृष्टि फेर लेने का अर्थ है? समस्या को नहीं सुलझाना। हमारे आसपास का यह जगत्? जिसे हमने ही प्रेक्षित किया है? तथा वे ही प्रक्रियायें जिनके द्वारा हम कार्य करते हुये असंख्य विषयों? भावनाओं और विचारों की विविधता को देखते हैं इन सबका हमें सूक्ष्म निरीक्षण तथा अध्ययन करना चाहिये। इसकी उपेक्षा करने का अर्थ स्वयं को विशाल आवश्यक सारभूत ज्ञान से वंचित रखना है। यह अपनी ही प्रवंचना है।शत्रुओं के विरुद्ध युद्धनीति सम्बन्धी योजना बनाने के लिए शत्रुपक्ष की रणनीति का कमसेकम सामान्य ज्ञान होना आवश्यक होता है। इसी प्रकार? क्षेत्र से युद्ध करके उस पर विजय पाकर उसके बन्धनों से स्वयं को मुक्त करने के लिये यह जानना आवश्यक है कि क्षेत्र क्या है तथा परिस्थिति विशेष में ये उपाधियाँ किस प्रकार कार्य और व्यवहार करती हैं।इस प्रकार? शरीरशास्त्र? जीवशास्त्र? मनोविज्ञान तथा अन्य प्राकृतिक विज्ञान की शाखायें भी जीवन को समझने में अपना योगदान देती हैं। अध्यात्म का ज्ञानमार्ग समस्त लौकिक विज्ञानों का चरम बिन्दु है और उसकी पूर्तिस्वरूप है। इस बात की पुष्टि इसी तथ्य से होती है कि? युद्धभूमि पर भी अर्जुन को इस ज्ञान का उपदेश देते समय? भगवान् इस बात पर बल देने के लिए भूलते नहीं कि इस क्षेत्र का सम्पूर्ण ज्ञान होना महत्व की बात है। इसका हमें सूक्ष्म अध्ययन करना चाहिये।क्षेत्र और क्षेत्रज्ञ के याथात्म्य को देखने? अध्ययन करने और समझने में शिष्य की अभिरुचि उत्पन्न करने के लिए भगवान् इस विषय वस्तु की स्तुति करते हुये कहते हैं

Sanskrit
English
तत्
that
क्षेत्रम्
field
यत्
which
च
and
यादृक्
what like
च
and
यद्विकारि
what its modifications
यतः
whence
च
and
यत्
what
सः
He
च
and
यः
who
यत्प्रभावः
what His powers
च
and
तत्
that
समासेन
in brief
मे
from Me
श्रृणु
hear.
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More from Chapter 13

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13.1Swami Gambhirananda has not translated this sloka. Many editions of the Bhagavadgita do not contain this sloka, including the commentary by Sankaracharya. If this sloka is included, the total number of slokas in the Bhagavadgita is 701.13.2The Blessed Lord said O son of Kunti, this body is referred to as the 'field'. Those who are versed in this call him who is conscious of it as the 'knower of the field'.13.3And, O scion of the Bharata dynasty, under-stand Me to be the 'Knower of the field' in all the fields. In My opinion, that is Knowledge which is the knowlege of th field and the knower of the field.13.5It has been sung of in various ways by the Rsis, separately by the different kinds [The different branches of Vedic texts.] of Vedic texts, and also by the rational and convicing sentences themselves which are indicatvie of and lead of Brahman.13.6The great elements, egoism, intellect and the Unmanifest itself; the ten organs and the one, and the five objects of the senses;13.7Desire, repulsion, happiness, sorrow, the aggregate (of body and organs), sentience, fortitude- this field, together with its modifications, has been spoken of briefly.13.8Humility, unpretentiousness, non-injury, for-bearance, sincerity, service of the teacher, cleanliness, steadiness, control of body and organs;13.9Non-attachment with regard to objects of the senses, and also absence of egotism; seeing the evil in birth, death, old age, diseases and miseries;13.10Non-attachment and absence of fondness with regard to sons, wives, homes, etc., and constant eanimity of the mind with regard to the attainment of the desirable and the undesirable;13.11And unwavering devotion to Me with single-minded concentration; inclination to repair into a clean place; lack of delight in a crowd of people;