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Bhagavad Gita / Chapter 13 / Verse 12
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Bhagavad Gita 13.12

Sanskrit
Hindi
Sanskrit

अध्यात्मज्ञाननित्यत्वं तत्त्वज्ञानार्थदर्शनम् | एतज्ज्ञानमिति प्रोक्तमज्ञानं यदतोऽन्यथा

Transliteration

adhyātmajñānanityatvaṃ tattvajñānārthadarśanam . etajjñānamiti proktamajñānaṃ yadato.anyathā

English

Steadfastness in the knowledge of the Self, contemplation on the Goal of the knowledge of Reality-this is spoken of as Knowledge. Ignorance is that which is other than this.

हिन्दी

अध्यात्मज्ञान में नित्यत्व अर्थात् स्थिरता तथा तत्त्वज्ञान के अर्थ रूप परमात्मा का दर्शन, यह सब तो ज्ञान कहा गया है, और जो इससे विपरीत है, वह अज्ञान है।।

Explanation — English

The liberated sage has constant awareness of the Self. He knows that knowledge of the Self alone is permanent and all other learning relating to this world is ignorance. He knows that the knowledge which leads to the realisation of the Self is the only truth.These attributes beginning with humility are declared to be knowledge? because they are conducive to knowledge they are the means to knowledge. They are secondary or auxiliary causes of knowledge. The fruit of this knowledge of the Self is deliverance from the round of births and deaths. The spiritual aspirant should always keep the end of knowledge in view. Only then will he attempt to develop the various virtues which are conducive to the attainment of knowledge of the Self. What is opposed to knowledge? viz.? lust? anger? greed? pride? hypocrisy? attachment? cunningness? diplomacy? injuring others? is ignorance. These evil traits which are the products of ignorance bind a man to Samsara. If you wish to attain the knowledge of the Self you will have to eradicate these evil traits which stand as stumbling blocks on the path of salvation. If you cultivate the opposite virtues? the evil traits will die by themselves just as the plants which are deprived of water in a garden die by themselves. It is difficult to eradicate the evil traits by fighting against them.

Explanation — हिन्दी

ज्ञान को दर्शाने वाले इस प्रकरण के इस अन्तिम श्लोक में भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण दो और गुणों को बताते हैं अध्यात्म ज्ञान में स्थिरता? तथा तत्त्वज्ञानार्थ का दर्शन।आत्मज्ञान में स्थिरता आत्मज्ञान जीवन में अनुभव करके जीने का विषय है? केवल बुद्धि से सीखने का नहीं। यदि आत्मा ही एक सर्वव्यापी पारमार्थिक सत्य है? तब साधक को अपने व्यक्तित्व के सभी स्तरों पर आत्मदृष्टि से रहने का प्रयत्न करना चाहिये। स्वयं को आत्मा जानकर? उसी बोध में स्थित होकर साधक को अपने जीवन के समस्त व्यवहार करने चाहिये। इसके लिये सतत अभ्यास की आवश्यकता होती है।तत्त्वज्ञानार्थदर्शनम् अमानित्वादि गुणों का विकास जिसके निमित्त करने को कहा गया है? वह है तत्त्वज्ञान और उस तत्त्वज्ञान के अर्थ का जो लक्ष्य है ? उसका दर्शन करना। संसार बन्धनों की उपरामता अर्थात् मोक्ष ही वह लक्ष्य है। लक्ष्य का सतत स्मरण करते रहने से साधनाभ्यास में प्रवृत्ति और उत्साह बना रहता है? जो लक्ष्यप्राप्ति में साहाय्यकारी सिद्ध होता है। इस प्रकरण में इन बीस गुणों को ही ज्ञान कहा गया है? क्योंकि ये समस्त गुण आत्मसाक्षात्कार के लिए अनुकूल हैं।उपर्युक्त ज्ञान के द्वारा जानने योग्य ज्ञेय वस्तु क्या है इसके उत्तर में कहते हैं

Sanskrit
English
अध्यात्मज्ञाननित्यत्वम्
constancy in Selfknowledge
तत्त्वज्ञानार्थदर्शनम्
perception of the end of true knowledge
एतत्
this
ज्ञानम्
knowledge
इति
thus
प्रोक्तम्
declared
अज्ञानम्
ignorance
यत्
which
अतः
from it
अन्यथा
opposed.
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13.1Swami Gambhirananda has not translated this sloka. Many editions of the Bhagavadgita do not contain this sloka, including the commentary by Sankaracharya. If this sloka is included, the total number of slokas in the Bhagavadgita is 701.13.2The Blessed Lord said O son of Kunti, this body is referred to as the 'field'. Those who are versed in this call him who is conscious of it as the 'knower of the field'.13.3And, O scion of the Bharata dynasty, under-stand Me to be the 'Knower of the field' in all the fields. In My opinion, that is Knowledge which is the knowlege of th field and the knower of the field.13.4Hear from Me in brief about (all) that as to what that field is and how it is; what its changes are, and from what cause arises what effect; and who He is, and what His powers are.13.5It has been sung of in various ways by the Rsis, separately by the different kinds [The different branches of Vedic texts.] of Vedic texts, and also by the rational and convicing sentences themselves which are indicatvie of and lead of Brahman.13.6The great elements, egoism, intellect and the Unmanifest itself; the ten organs and the one, and the five objects of the senses;13.7Desire, repulsion, happiness, sorrow, the aggregate (of body and organs), sentience, fortitude- this field, together with its modifications, has been spoken of briefly.13.8Humility, unpretentiousness, non-injury, for-bearance, sincerity, service of the teacher, cleanliness, steadiness, control of body and organs;13.9Non-attachment with regard to objects of the senses, and also absence of egotism; seeing the evil in birth, death, old age, diseases and miseries;13.10Non-attachment and absence of fondness with regard to sons, wives, homes, etc., and constant eanimity of the mind with regard to the attainment of the desirable and the undesirable;