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Bhagavad Gita / Chapter 18 / Verse 55
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Bhagavad Gita 18.55

Sanskrit
Hindi
Sanskrit

भक्त्या मामभिजानाति यावान्यश्चास्मि तत्त्वतः | ततो मां तत्त्वतो ज्ञात्वा विशते तदनन्तरम्

Transliteration

bhaktyā māmabhijānāti yāvānyaścāsmi tattvataḥ . tato māṃ tattvato jñātvā viśate tadanantaram

English

Through devotion he knows Me in reality, as to what and who I am. Then, having known Me in truth, he enters (into Me) immediately after that (Knowledge).

हिन्दी

(उस परा) भक्ति के द्वारा मुझे वह तत्त्वत: जानता है कि मैं कितना (व्यापक) हूँ तथा मैं क्या हूँ। (इस प्रकार) तत्त्वत: जानने के पश्चात् तत्काल ही वह मुझमें प्रवेश कर जाता है, अर्थात् मत्स्वरूप बन जाता है।।

Explanation — English

My devotee? O Arjuna? who has attained to union with Me through singleminded and unflinching devotion is verily My very Self. Devotion culminates in knowledge. Devotion begins with two and ends in one. ParaBhakti (supreme devotion) and Jnana are one. Devotion is the mother. Knowledge is the son. By devotion he knows that I am allpervading pure,consciousness he knows that I am nondual? unborn? decayless? causeless? selfluminous? indivisible? unchanging he knows that I am destitute of all the differences caused by the limiting adjuncts he knows that I am the support? source? womb? basis? and substratum of everything he knows that I am the ruler of all beings he knows that I am the Supreme Purusha? the controller of Maya? and that this world is a mere appearance. Thus knowing Me in truth or in essence? he enters into Me soon after attaining Selfknowledge.The act of knowing and the act of entering are not two distinct acts. Knowing is becoming. Knowing is attaining Selfknowledge. To know That is to become That. Entering is knowing or beoming That. Entering is the attainment of Selfknowledge or Selfrealisation. These are all jugglery of words only. Knowing and entering are synonymous terms. It is very difficult to understand or comprehend transcendental spiritual matters. The teachers use various terms or expressions? analogies? similes? parables? stories? etc. to make the aspirant grasp the matter clearly and lucidly. Words are imperfect and languages are defective. They cannot fully express the inner spiritual experiences. The teacher somehow or other expresses to the students or aspirants these spiritual ideas. The aspirant himself will have to realise the Self. That is beyond the reach of words of expressions or analogies of similes. How can there be similes for that nondual Brahman These words are a sort of help or prop for the aspirants to lean upon in the beginning to understand spiritual matters. When he realises the Self? these words are of no value to him. He himself becomes an embodiment of knowledge.

Explanation — हिन्दी

परमात्मा से परम प्रेम अर्थात् पूर्ण तादात्म्य ही परा भक्ति है। उस परा भक्ति से ही साधक भक्त परमात्मा को तत्त्वत समझ सकता है। शास्त्र के श्रवण? अध्ययन आदि से प्राप्त किया गया ज्ञान प्राय परोक्ष होता है। जब वह ज्ञान? विज्ञान अर्थात् स्वानुभव बन जाता है? केवल तभी परमात्मा का यथार्थ बोध होता है।यावान् (मैं कितना हूँ) इसका अर्थ यह है कि परा भक्ति के द्वारा एक भक्त भगवान् के उपाधिकृत विस्तार को समझ लेता है। भगवान् की विभूतियों का वर्णन दसवें अध्याय में किया जा चुका है।यश्च अस्मि (मैं क्या हूँ) एक परम भक्त यह भी जान लेता है कि भगवान् का वास्तविक स्वरूप समस्त उपाधियों से वर्जित? निर्गुण? निर्विशेष है। सारांशत? भगवान् को तत्त्वत जानने का अर्थ उनके सर्वव्यापक एवं सर्वातीत इन दोनों ही स्वरूप को जानना है।हमें यह स्मरण रखना चाहिए कि सम्पूर्ण गीता में भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण अपने लिए जो मैं शब्द का प्रयोग करते हैं? वह अपने परमात्म स्वरूप की दृष्टि से ही कहते हैं? वसुदेव के पुत्र के रूप में नहीं। अत जब वे कहते हैं वह (साधक) मुझमें प्रवेश करता है? तब उसका अर्थ किसी गृह में प्रवेश के समान न होकर साधक की आत्मानुभूति से है। भक्त का आत्मस्वरूप भगवान् के परमात्मस्वरूप से भिन्न नहीं है। यहाँ कथित प्रवेश ऐसा ही है? जैसे स्वप्न द्रष्टा जाग्रत् पुरुष में प्रवेश करता है। इस श्लोक का तात्पर्य यह है कि एक साधन सम्पन्न उत्तम अधिकारी निदिध्यासन के द्वारा परमात्मा का अनुभव आत्मरूप से ही करता है? उससे भिन्न रहकर नहीं।जगत् के प्राणियों की सेवा के बिना ईश्वर की सेवा पूर्ण नहीं होती। भगवान् कहते हैं

Sanskrit
English
भक्त्या
by devotion
माम्
Me
अभिजानाति (he)
knows
यावान्
what
यः
who
च
and
अस्मि (I)
am
तत्त्वतः
in truth
ततः
then
माम्
Me
तत्त्वतः
in truth
ज्ञात्वा
having known
विशते (he)
enters
तत्
that
अनन्तरम्
afterwards.
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More from Chapter 18

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18.1Arjuna said O mighty-armed Hrsikesa, O slayer of (the demon) Kesi, I want to know serverally the truth about sannyasa as also about tyaga.18.2The Blessed Lord said The learned ones know sannyasa to be the giving up of actions done with a desire for reward. The adepts call the abandonment of the results of all works as tyaga.18.3Some learned persons say that action, beset with evil (as it is), should be given up, and others (say) that the practice of sacrifice, charity and austertiy should not be given up.18.4O the most excellent among the descendants of Bharata, hear from Me the firm conclusion regarding that tyaga. For, O greatest among men, tyaga has been clearly declared to be of three kinds.18.5The practice of sacrifice, charity and austerity is not to be abandoned; it is surely to be undertaken. Sacrifice, charity and austerity are verily the purifiers of the wise.18.6But even these actions have to be undertaken by renouncing attachment and (hankering for) results. This is My firm and best conclusion, O Parhta.18.7The abandoning of daily obligatory acts (nityakamas) is not justifiable. Giving up that through delusion is declared to be based on tamas.18.8Whatever action one may relinish merely as being painful, from fear of physical suffering, he, having resorted to renunciation based on rajas, will surely not acire the fruits of renunciation.18.9Whatever obligatory duty is performed just because it is a bounden duty, O Arjuna, by giving up attachment and the result as well,-that renunciation is considered to be based on sattva.18.10The man of renunciation who has become imbued with sattva, who is wise and freed from doubts, does not hate unbefitting action, nor does he become attached to befitting activity.