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  • 1.Arjuna Vishada Yoga
  • 2.Sankhya Yoga
  • 3.Karma Yoga
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  • 12.Bhakti Yoga
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  • 14.Gunatraya Vibhaga Yoga
  • 15.Purushottama Yoga
  • 16.Daivasura Sampad Vibhaga Yoga
  • 17.Shraddhatraya Vibhaga Yoga
  • 18.Moksha Sanyasa Yoga
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Bhagavad Gita / Chapter 18 / Verse 10
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Bhagavad Gita 18.10

Sanskrit
Hindi
Sanskrit

न द्वेष्ट्यकुशलं कर्म कुशले नानुषज्जते | त्यागी सत्त्वसमाविष्टो मेधावी छिन्नसंशयः

Transliteration

na dveṣṭyakuśalaṃ karma kuśale nānuṣajjate . tyāgī sattvasamāviṣṭo medhāvī chinnasaṃśayaḥ

English

The man of renunciation who has become imbued with sattva, who is wise and freed from doubts, does not hate unbefitting action, nor does he become attached to befitting activity.

हिन्दी

जो पुरुष अकुशल (अशुभ) कर्म से द्वेष नहीं करता और कुशल (शुभ) कर्म में आसक्त नहीं होता, वह सत्त्वगुण से सम्पन्न पुरुष संशयरहित, मेधावी (ज्ञानी) और त्यागी है।।

Explanation — English

All actions are eally welcome to the man of renunciation. He is not affected by either pleasure or pain. He is not elated at performing pleasant actions nor does he find unpleasantness when he does disagreeable actions. He does not hate the latter? nor is he attached to the former. Neither has he aversion to painful actions nor attraction to pleasant ones. As he has no attachment to any action or its rewards? he will do any action for the welfare of all beings.Akusalam Karma Disagreeable work or work done with expectation of reward? which becomes the cause of bondage to Samsara? by producing a body. He does not hate an unpleasnt action? thinking? Of what use is itKusale To good ones which include obligatory daily duties. He has no attachment to them even with the notion that they lead to salvation by purifying the heart and conseently giving rise to the dawn of knowledge and devotion to it.When one abandons attachment to action and desire for its reward and performs actions vigorously? his heart is filled with Sattva or purity which produces discrimination between the Real and the unreal? the Eternal and the transient. Then he attains knowledge of the Self which dispels all the doubts caused by ignorance. He now realises that the only means of attaining the spureme bliss or eternal peace or immortality is knowledge of the Self. This rends asunder all his doubts. What is the nature of doubt Does Brahman exist or not Do the Upanishads deal with Saguna Brahman or Nirguna Brahman Is the individual soul identical with the Supreme Being or not Will I be able to realise the Self or not Will any of the Karmas (Prarabdha? Sanchita and Agami) affect me Does this Samsara whose nature is the feelings I do this and I enjoy this belong to the Self or to the mind and intellect What are the means for liberation -- Yoga? devotion? Karma or knowledge of the Self What is Moksha Is it Selfrealisation or the attainment of the Salokya? Samipya? Sarupya and Sayujya states (dwelling in the kingdom of God? proximity to Him? assuming the same form as the Lord and merging in Him)When a man practises Karma Yoga he gets purity of heart and through purity of heart knows himself to be the immutable actionless Self Who is destitute of birth? or remains without acting or causing others to act (Cf.V.13). He attains devotion to the knowledge of the Self and freedom from all actions. The purpose of the Karma Yoga described above has been taught in this verse.Medhavi He who is endowed or united with wisdom. He is a Sthitaprajna. What is Medha? then It is the immediate knowledge of the identity of the individual soul and the Supreme Being by meditation on the right significance of the great sentence (I am Brahman or That thou art)? which,is free from the three kinds of doubts? viz.? Samsaya Bhavana (doubt)? Asambhavana (improbability) and Viparitabhavana (perversion)? and by the practice of the four means and service of the Guru (who is versed in the scriptures and established in Brahman) and hearing the truths from him.Such a Medhavi will not think that prohibited actions which bind an ignorant man will be unfavourable to him. He will never think that they will bind him if he has to perform them? because he is above good and evil? virtue and vice? right and wrong. He has no idea of agency (Kartritva Abhimana) he feels that he is a Kritakritya? one who has accomplished all actions.This does not mean that he will do wrong actions. As his will is one with the cosmic will? whatever action he performs will be in accordance with the scriptures. He will never deviate even a fraction of an inch from the rules of the scriptures. The Lord alone works through his mind and senses as he has no individual will.RagaDvesha (likes and dislikes) are the motives that induce a worldly man to actions. As they are absent in a sage or a Medhavi? he can renounce the fruits of all actions and actions as well.As the ocean remains calm amidst stormy waves? even so a Sattvic man remains calm amidst adverse or stormy conditions of life. He recognises that the happenings of life are inevitable. He acts in a variety of ways but is not disturbed as he has a balanced and disciplined mind.There must be no hatred for unpleasant or disagreeable action that brings physical suffering? danger or unlucky results or untoward conseences? when it is the work that should be done. You will have to accept such work also with a willing heart and work with hear and soul. You must have a profound and comprehensive understanding of its need and meaning also. Arjuna failed to understand in the beginning the deep significance and need of the work given by the Lord. He brought in his own foolish philosophy. He failed to do his bounden duty because? due to ignorance? he thought it was an unpleasant or disagreeable action to kill people but in the end when his eyes were opened by the valuable teachings of the Lord? he understood the need and the meaning of the work although it appeared to him as disagreeable and unpleasant in the beginning? and said My illusion is destroyed. I have gained knowledge through Thy grace? O Krishna. I am firm? my doubts are gone. I will act according to Thy instructions.

Explanation — हिन्दी

पूर्व श्लोक में भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण ने यह कहा था कि सात्त्विक पुरुष अपने नियत कर्मों को? केवल कर्तव्य समझकर फलासक्ति को त्यागकर? करता है। प्रथम दृष्टि में? सामान्य पुरुष को त्याग का यह सिद्धांत असंभव ही प्रतीत होगा। संभवत अर्जुन के मुख पर कुछ इसी प्रकार के आश्चर्य भाव को देखकर? भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण इस श्लोक में सात्त्विक पुरुष का और अधिक स्पष्ट चित्रण करते हैं।सामान्य अज्ञानी जन अतिरेकी स्वभाव के होते हैं। वे जगत् को यथार्थ रूप में कभी नहीं देखते। जगत् की वस्तुओं को वे अपने राग द्वेष से रंजित दृष्टि से देखते हैं। तत्पश्चात्? वे अपनी प्रिय वस्तु को पाने का प्रयत्न करते हैं और अप्रिय को त्यागने के लिए परिश्रम करते हैं। इसके लिए वे शुभाशुभ कर्मों की चिन्ता नहीं करते। प्रिय वस्तु को प्राप्त कराने वाले कर्म में उनकी आसक्ति हो जाती है और अन्य कर्म से द्वेष। इसके परिणामस्वरूप? इष्ट की प्राप्ति पर उन्हें हर्षातिरेक होता है और अनिष्ट की प्राप्ति में वे विषाद के गर्त में गिर जाते हैं। ऐसे लोगों के अन्तकरण में काम? क्रोध? ईर्ष्या आदि अवगुणों का स्थायी निवास होता है। यदाकदा इनमें से कोई व्यक्ति धर्माचरण में प्रवृत्त भी होता है? तो अपने अतिरेकी स्वभाव के कारण धार्मिक कार्य में आसक्त हो जाता है और अन्य लोगों को पतित समझकर उन्हें हेय दृष्टि से देखता है परन्तु? सत्त्वगुणी पुरुष उपर्युक्त समस्त अवगुणों से मुक्त होता है। इसका कारण उसकी विकसित विवेक शक्ति है। आत्मानात्माविवेक के द्वारा वह यह भलीभांति जानता है कि शरीर? इन्द्रियाँ? मन और बुद्धि ये सब अनात्मा हैं तथा जन्ममरण? क्षुधातृषा और शोकमोह ये सब इनके ही धर्म हैं? न कि इन सब को प्रकाशित करने वाले साक्षी आत्मा के? इस ज्ञान के कारण वह अनात्म उपाधियों से तादात्म्य नहीं करता। इसी को यहाँ इस प्रकार कहा गया है कि वह अशुभ से द्वेष और शुभ से राग नहीं करता है। ऐसा पुरुष ही वास्तव में सुशिक्षित एवं सुसंस्कृत कहा जाता है। अन्य अविवेकी लोग तो शुष्क पर्ण के समान वायु की गति और दिशा के साथ इतस्तत भटकते रहते हैं। विवेकी पुरुष अपने मन का साक्षी बनकर रहता है? जबकि अविवेकी लोग? त्याग के अभाव में? अपने मन की वृत्तियों के साथ तादात्म्य करके दुख भोगते रहते हैं।किसी भी वस्तु के यथार्थ स्वरूप को समझने तथा मिथ्या का त्याग करने के लिए अपने नित्य और पूर्ण स्वरूप का बोध आवश्यक है। वस्तुओं को समझने तथा युक्तियुक्त विचार करने की बुद्धि की इस क्षमता को मेधा शक्ति कहते हैं। केवल इतना ही नहीं? वरन् प्राप्त ज्ञान को धारण एवं आवश्यकतानुसार स्मरण करने की क्षमता भी मेधा ही है। इस शक्ति से सम्पन्न पुरुष मेधावी कहा जाता है। ऐसे मेधावी पुरुष क ो निम्नलिखित तत्त्वों का स्पष्टत ज्ञान होता है (1) अपना कर्मक्षेत्र? (2) वे उपाधियां जिनके द्वारा वह जगत् से सम्पर्क करता है? (3) अपना शुद्ध आनन्द स्वरूप? और (4) जगत् से अपना संबंध। यह मेधावी पुरुष संशय रहित (छिन्न संशय) होता है? क्योंकि वस्तु के अपूर्ण ज्ञान से ही संशय उत्पन्न हो सकता है? अन्यथा नहीं।इसमें कोई सन्देह नहीं कि ऐसे सात्त्विक त्यागी पुरुष जगत् में विरले ही होते हैं। बहुसंख्यक लोग तो अपनी देहादि उपाधियों के साथ तादात्म्य स्थापित करके स्वयं को कर्म का कर्ता मानते हैं और तब उन्हें कर्मफल भोगने के लिए बाध्य होना ही पड़ता है।जो अज्ञानी पुरुष कर्तृत्व के अभिमान तथा देहासक्ति को त्याग नहीं पाता है? उसको कम से कम कर्म फल त्याग करना चाहिए। भगवान् कहते हैं

Sanskrit
English
न
not
द्वेष्टि
hates
अकुशलम्
disagreeable
कर्म
action
कुशले
to an agreeable one
न
not
अनुषज्जते
is attached
त्यागी
the abandoner
सत्त्वसमाविष्टः
pervaded by purity
मेधावी
intelligent
छिन्नसंशयः
with his doubts cut asunder.
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More from Chapter 18

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18.1Arjuna said O mighty-armed Hrsikesa, O slayer of (the demon) Kesi, I want to know serverally the truth about sannyasa as also about tyaga.18.2The Blessed Lord said The learned ones know sannyasa to be the giving up of actions done with a desire for reward. The adepts call the abandonment of the results of all works as tyaga.18.3Some learned persons say that action, beset with evil (as it is), should be given up, and others (say) that the practice of sacrifice, charity and austertiy should not be given up.18.4O the most excellent among the descendants of Bharata, hear from Me the firm conclusion regarding that tyaga. For, O greatest among men, tyaga has been clearly declared to be of three kinds.18.5The practice of sacrifice, charity and austerity is not to be abandoned; it is surely to be undertaken. Sacrifice, charity and austerity are verily the purifiers of the wise.18.6But even these actions have to be undertaken by renouncing attachment and (hankering for) results. This is My firm and best conclusion, O Parhta.18.7The abandoning of daily obligatory acts (nityakamas) is not justifiable. Giving up that through delusion is declared to be based on tamas.18.8Whatever action one may relinish merely as being painful, from fear of physical suffering, he, having resorted to renunciation based on rajas, will surely not acire the fruits of renunciation.18.9Whatever obligatory duty is performed just because it is a bounden duty, O Arjuna, by giving up attachment and the result as well,-that renunciation is considered to be based on sattva.18.11Since it is not possible for one who holds on to a body to give up actions entirely, therefore he, on the other hand, who renounces results on actions is called a man of renunciation.