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Bhagavad Gita / Chapter 18 / Verse 18
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Bhagavad Gita 18.18

Sanskrit
Hindi
Sanskrit

ज्ञानं ज्ञेयं परिज्ञाता त्रिविधा कर्मचोदना | करणं कर्म कर्तेति त्रिविधः कर्मसंग्रहः

Transliteration

jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ parijñātā trividhā karmacodanā . karaṇaṃ karma karteti trividhaḥ karmasaṃgrahaḥ

English

Knowledge, the object the knowledge and the knower-this is the threefold inducement to action. The comprehension of actions comes under three heads-the instruments, the object and the subject.

हिन्दी

ज्ञान, ज्ञेय और परिज्ञाता ये त्रिविध कर्म प्रेरक हैं, और, करण, कर्म. कर्ता ये त्रिविध कर्म संग्रह हैं।।

Explanation — English

Knowledge? the knower and the thing to be known? are together the seed of this world. This is known as the Triputi or the traid. It is the conjunction of these three that impels a man to threefold action? viz.? mental? verbal and physical. This triad is the driving force of all the activities of man. He rejoices at the sight of palatable sweetmeats and delicious fruits but is terrified at the sight of a cobra or tiger. The sight of pleasant or unpleasant objects affects him and he attempts either to possess the agreeable objects or to avoid the disagreeable ones.The Antahkarana (the inner instrument) consists of the mind? intellect? subconscious mind and egoism. The ear? the skin? the tongue? the nose and the eye are the five organs of knowledge. The individual soul? propelled by these five senses? is led into activity. He does actions with the help of the five organs of action? viz.? speech? hands? feet? genitals and anus.Jnanam Any knowledge knowledge in general knowledge of worldly objects? etc.Jneyam The object to be known objects in general.Parijnata The knower? the experiencer or the enjoyer? putting on the nature of the limiting adjuncts? a creature of ignorance.This triad forms the threefold impulse to all action? to action in general. The performance of an action in order to get a thing or to avoid an object is possible only when there is the conjunction of the three? viz.? knowledge? knowable and knower.Karanam The organ That by which something is done. The actions done by the five causes of action? viz.? the body? etc.? which are grouped under the three classes according to their respective seats? viz.? mind? speech and body? are all due to the interplay of the organ? etc.Karta The agent or the doer he who sets the organs in motion or action and puts on the nature of the limiting adjunct or vehicle in which he acts. All actions inhere in these three (the organ? the doer and the action itself) and they are? therefore? said to form the basis or the threefold constituents of action.As action? the various factors of action and the fruits are all made up of the Gunas? the Lord describes them in the following verses.

Explanation — हिन्दी

कर्म के स्वरूप का युक्तियुक्त विवेचन करते हुए? भगवान् श्री कृष्ण ने कर्म के सम्पादन के पाँच कारणों का वर्णन किया है तथा उनसे भिन्न अकर्ता आत्मा का भी निर्देश किया है। उसी विषय का विस्तार करते हुए? अब वे कर्म के त्रिविध प्रेरक तथा जिससे कर्म संभव होता है वह त्रिविध कर्म संग्रह बताते हैं।प्रत्येक कर्म का प्रेरक है? विषय ज्ञान। इस ज्ञान की सिद्धि के लिए जिन तीन तत्त्वों की आवश्यकता होती है? वे हैं ज्ञाता? ज्ञेय अर्थात् ज्ञान का विषय तथा ज्ञान अर्थात् जानने की क्रिया से प्राप्त हुआ ज्ञान। ज्ञाता? ज्ञेय और ज्ञान इन तीनों को वेदान्त की शब्दावली में त्रिपुटी कहते हैं। इन तीनों के संबंध से ही कर्म के प्रवर्तक विषय का ज्ञान होता है।कर्म की प्रेरणा तीन प्रकार से हो सकती है (1) ज्ञाता के मन में उत्पन्न हुई इच्छा के रूप में? या (2) ज्ञेय वस्तु के प्रलोभन से? अथवा (3) पूर्वानुभूत भोग (ज्ञात सुख) की स्मृति से। इन तीनों के अतिरिक्त कर्म का प्रेरक अन्य कोई कारण नहीं है।अन्तकरण में कर्म की प्रेरणा उत्पन्न होने के पश्चात् उसको पूर्ण करने के लिए कर्ता? करण और कर्म नामक त्रिपुटी की आवश्यकता होती है? जिसे यहाँ त्रिविध कर्मसंग्रह कहा गया है। कामना से प्रेरित जीव कर्म के क्षेत्र में कर्तृत्वाभिमान (मैं कर्ता हूँ) के साथ प्रवेश करता है। यहाँ जीव कर्ता कहलाता है। यह कर्ता जीव जिस फल या लक्ष्य की कामना करता है? उसे यहाँ कर्म शब्द से इंगित किया गया है। यहाँ कर्म का तात्पर्य फल से है।कर्ता जीव को फल (कर्म) प्राप्त करने के लिए क्रिया करनी पड़ती है। क्रिया के ये साधन करण कहे जाते हैं? जिनमें ज्ञानेन्द्रियाँ? कर्मेन्द्रियाँ तथा मन बुद्धि का भी समावेश है। इस प्रकार? कर्ता? कर्म और करण ये कर्म की त्रिपुटी अथवा कर्मसंग्रह कहे जाते हैं।इन तीनों में से किसी एक के भी अभाव में कर्म संभव नहीं हो सकता।समस्त जगत् त्रिगुणात्मिका प्रकृति का कार्य है। इसलिए? ज्ञान? कर्म और कर्ता में भी त्रिगुणों के कारण त्रिविध भेद उत्पन्न होते हैं? जिनका? अब वर्णन किया जायेगा। भगवान् कहते हैं

Sanskrit
English
ज्ञानम्
knowledge
ज्ञेयम्
the knowable
परिज्ञाता
the knower
त्रिविधा
threefold
कर्मचोदना
impulse to action
करणम्
the organ
कर्म
the action
कर्ता
the agent
इति
thus
त्रिविधः
threefold
कर्मसंग्रहः
the basis of action.
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More from Chapter 18

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18.1Arjuna said O mighty-armed Hrsikesa, O slayer of (the demon) Kesi, I want to know serverally the truth about sannyasa as also about tyaga.18.2The Blessed Lord said The learned ones know sannyasa to be the giving up of actions done with a desire for reward. The adepts call the abandonment of the results of all works as tyaga.18.3Some learned persons say that action, beset with evil (as it is), should be given up, and others (say) that the practice of sacrifice, charity and austertiy should not be given up.18.4O the most excellent among the descendants of Bharata, hear from Me the firm conclusion regarding that tyaga. For, O greatest among men, tyaga has been clearly declared to be of three kinds.18.5The practice of sacrifice, charity and austerity is not to be abandoned; it is surely to be undertaken. Sacrifice, charity and austerity are verily the purifiers of the wise.18.6But even these actions have to be undertaken by renouncing attachment and (hankering for) results. This is My firm and best conclusion, O Parhta.18.7The abandoning of daily obligatory acts (nityakamas) is not justifiable. Giving up that through delusion is declared to be based on tamas.18.8Whatever action one may relinish merely as being painful, from fear of physical suffering, he, having resorted to renunciation based on rajas, will surely not acire the fruits of renunciation.18.9Whatever obligatory duty is performed just because it is a bounden duty, O Arjuna, by giving up attachment and the result as well,-that renunciation is considered to be based on sattva.18.10The man of renunciation who has become imbued with sattva, who is wise and freed from doubts, does not hate unbefitting action, nor does he become attached to befitting activity.