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Bhagavad Gita / Chapter 18 / Verse 15
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Bhagavad Gita 18.15

Sanskrit
Hindi
Sanskrit

शरीरवाङ्मनोभिर्यत्कर्म प्रारभते नरः | न्याय्यं वा विपरीतं वा पञ्चैते तस्य हेतवः

Transliteration

śarīravāṅmanobhiryatkarma prārabhate naraḥ . nyāyyaṃ vā viparītaṃ vā pañcaite tasya hetavaḥ

English

Whatever action a man performs with the body, speech and mind, be it just or its reverse, of it these five are the cuases.

हिन्दी

मनुष्य अपने शरीर, वाणी और मन से जो कोई न्याय्य (उचित) या विपरीत (अनुचित) कर्म करता है, उसके ये पाँच कारण ही हैं।।

Explanation — English

Nyayyam Right Not opposed to Dharma conformable to the scriptures justifiable.Viparitam The opposite What is opposite to Dharma and opposed to the scriptures unjustifiable.Even those actions? -- acts like winking and the like which are necessary conditions of life? are indicated by the term the right and the reverse? as they are effects of past Dharma and Adharma.Tasya Hetavah Its Causes The causes of every action.An objector argues In the previous verse it is said that the body? actor? various organs? etc.? are the necessary factors of every action. Why do you then make a distinction in actions by saying whatever action a man does by the body? speech and mindOur answer is In the performance of every action? one of the three -- body? speech or mind -- has a more prominent share than the others while seeing? hearing and other activities which accompany or go along with life are subordinate to that one.Therefore all actions are classified under three groups and are spoken of as done by the body or speech or mind. The fruit of an actions also is enjoyed through the body? speech and mind and one of the three takes a more prominent share than the rest. Therefore? it is proper to say Whatever action a man performs with his body? speech and mind৷৷.

Explanation — हिन्दी

न्याय्य और विपरीत कर्मों से तात्पर्य क्रमश धर्म के अनुकूल और प्रतिकूल कर्मों से है। निरपवाद रूप से सब प्रकार कर्मों की सिद्धि के लिए शरीरादि पाँच कारणों की आवश्यकता होती है।यहाँ विशेष ध्यान देने योग्य बात यह है कि कर्मों के पञ्चविध कारणों का वर्णन केवल बोनट के नीचे स्थित इंजन का ही है? पेट्रोल का नहीं। पेट्रोल के बिना इंजन कार्य नहीं कर सकता और न ही केवल पेट्रोल के द्वारा यात्रा सफल और सुखद हो सकती है। इंजन और पेट्रोल के सम्बन्ध से वाहन में गति आती है और तब स्वामी की इच्छा के अनुसार चालक उसे गन्तव्य तक पहुँचा सकता है। इस उदाहरण को समझ लेने पर भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण के कथन का अभिप्राय स्पष्ट हो जायेगा।अकर्म चैतन्य स्वरूप आत्मा देहादि उपाधियों से तादात्म्य करके जीव के रूप में अनेक प्रकार की इच्छाओं से प्रेरित होकर उचितअनुचित कर्म करता है। इन समस्त कर्मों के लिए पूर्वोक्त पाँच कारणों की आवश्यकता होती है।पूर्व के दो श्लोकों का निष्कर्ष यह है कि मनुष्य का कर्तृत्वाभिमान मिथ्या है। भगवान् कहते हैं

Sanskrit
English
शरीरवाङ्मनोभिः
by (his) body
speech
and mind
यत्
whatever
कर्म
action
प्रारभते
performs
नरः
man
न्याय्यम्
right
वा
or
विपरीतम्
the reverse
वा
or
पञ्च
five
एते
these
तस्य
its
हेतवः
causes.
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18.1Arjuna said O mighty-armed Hrsikesa, O slayer of (the demon) Kesi, I want to know serverally the truth about sannyasa as also about tyaga.18.2The Blessed Lord said The learned ones know sannyasa to be the giving up of actions done with a desire for reward. The adepts call the abandonment of the results of all works as tyaga.18.3Some learned persons say that action, beset with evil (as it is), should be given up, and others (say) that the practice of sacrifice, charity and austertiy should not be given up.18.4O the most excellent among the descendants of Bharata, hear from Me the firm conclusion regarding that tyaga. For, O greatest among men, tyaga has been clearly declared to be of three kinds.18.5The practice of sacrifice, charity and austerity is not to be abandoned; it is surely to be undertaken. Sacrifice, charity and austerity are verily the purifiers of the wise.18.6But even these actions have to be undertaken by renouncing attachment and (hankering for) results. This is My firm and best conclusion, O Parhta.18.7The abandoning of daily obligatory acts (nityakamas) is not justifiable. Giving up that through delusion is declared to be based on tamas.18.8Whatever action one may relinish merely as being painful, from fear of physical suffering, he, having resorted to renunciation based on rajas, will surely not acire the fruits of renunciation.18.9Whatever obligatory duty is performed just because it is a bounden duty, O Arjuna, by giving up attachment and the result as well,-that renunciation is considered to be based on sattva.18.10The man of renunciation who has become imbued with sattva, who is wise and freed from doubts, does not hate unbefitting action, nor does he become attached to befitting activity.