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Bhagavad Gita / Chapter 5 / Verse 18
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Bhagavad Gita 5.18

English
Sanskrit
Hindi
Sanskrit

विद्याविनयसम्पन्ने ब्राह्मणे गवि हस्तिनि | शुनि चैव श्वपाके च पण्डिताः समदर्शिनः

Transliteration

vidyāvinayasampanne brāhmaṇe gavi hastini . śuni caiva śvapāke ca paṇḍitāḥ samadarśinaḥ

English

The learned ones look with eanimity on a Brahmana endowed with learning and humality, a cow, an elephant and even a dog as well as an eater of dog's meat.

हिन्दी

(ऐसे वे) ज्ञानीजन विद्या और विनय से सम्पन्न ब्राह्मण,  तथा गाय,  हाथी,  श्वान और चाण्डाल में भी सम तत्त्व को देखते हैं।।

Explanation — English

The liberated sage or Jivanmukta or a Brahmana has eal vision as he beholds the Self only everywhere. This magnificent vision of a Jnani is beyond description. Atman or Brahman is not at all affected by the Upadhis or limiting adjuncts as He is extremely subtle? pure? formless and attributeless. The suns reflection falls on the river Ganga? on the ocean or on a dirty stream. The sun is not at all affected in any way. This makes no difference to the sun. So is the case with the Supreme Self. The Upadhis (limiting adjuncts) cannot affect Him. Just as the ether is not affected by the limiting adjuncts? viz.? a pot? the walls of a room? cloud? etc.? so also the Self is not affected by the Upadhis.The Brahmana is Sattvic. The cow is Rajasic. The elephant? the dog and the outcaste are Tamasic. The sge sees in all of them the one homogeneous immortal Self Who is not affected by the three Gunas and their tendencies. (Cf.VI.8?32XIV.24)

Explanation — हिन्दी

अपने ज्ञानानुसार ही हमारी जगत् को देखने की दृष्टि होती है। आत्मज्ञानी पुरुष सर्वत्र समरूप विद्यमान दिव्य आत्मतत्त्व का ही दर्शन करता है। समुद्र मंे उठती हुई असंख्य लहरों के प्रति समुद्र की अलगअलग भावना नहीं हो सकती। मिट्टी की दृष्टि से मिट्टी से निर्मित सभी घट एक समान ही हैं। इसी प्रकार जिस अहंकार रहित पुरुष ने अपने ब्रह्मस्वरूप को पहचान लिया है उसकी नामरूपमय सृष्टि की ओर देखने की दृष्टि सम बन जाती है। दृष्टिगोचर सभी प्रकार के भेद केवल उपाधियों में ही हैं। मनुष्यमनुष्य में भेद शरीर के रूप और रंग में हो सकता है अथवा मन के स्वभाव या बुद्धि की प्रखरता में। परन्तु जीवन तत्त्व तो सबमें सदा एक ही होता है।इसलिए इस श्लोक में कहा गया है कि विद्याविनययुक्त ब्राह्मण गाय हाथी श्वान और चाण्डाल इन सबकी ओर आत्मप्रज्ञा प्राप्त पण्डित पुरुष समदृष्टि से देखता है। सब उपाधियों में एक ही परम सत्य विराजमान है।आत्मसाक्षात्कार का मुख्य लक्षण है समदर्शन। ज्ञानी पुरुष अपने व्यक्तिगत रागद्वेष के आधार पर भेद नहीं करता। आत्मरूप से अनुभव किये परम सत्य को ही विभिन्न नामरूपों में व्यक्त देखता है।इस श्लोक के सन्दर्भ में श्री शंकराचार्य गौतमस्मृति को उद्धृत करते हुए एक शंका उठाते हैं जिसका निराकरण अगले श्लोक में किया गया है। उस स्मृति ग्रन्थ के अनुसार जैसे पूजनीय व्यक्ति का अनादर करना दोषयुक्त है वैसे ही अनादरणीय व्यक्ति का सम्मान करने में भी उतना ही दोष है। स्मृति के इस कथन की दृष्टि से ब्राह्मण के असमान ही श्वान को आदर देना अथवा जो अनादर श्वान का किया जाता है उतना ही असम्मान एक श्रेष्ठ ब्राह्मण का करना ये दोनों ही पापपूर्ण कर्म होंगे। परन्तु समदर्शी पुरुष इस दोष से सर्वथा मुक्त होते हैं। उसका कारण यह है कि

Sanskrit
English
विद्याविनयसंपन्ने
upon one endowed with learning and humility
ब्राह्मणे
on a Brahmana
गवि
on a cow
हस्तिनि
on an elephant
शुनि
on a dog
च
and
एव
even
श्वपाके
on an outcaste
च
and
पण्डिताः
sages
समदर्शिनः
eal seeing.
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More from Chapter 5

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5.1Arjuna said O Krsna, You praise renunciation of actions, and again, (Karma-) yoga. Tell me for certain that one which is better between these two.5.2The Blessed Lord said Both renunciation of actions and Karma-yoga lead to Liberation. Between the two, Karma-yoga, however, excels over renunciation of actions.5.3He who does not hate and does not crave should be known as a man of constant renunciation.5.4The fools, not the learned ones, speak of Sankhya (the path of Knowledge) and (Karma-) yoga as different. Any one who properly resorts to even one (of them) gets the result of both.5.5The State [Sthana (State) is used in the derivative sense of 'the place in which one remains established, and from which one does not become relegated'.] that is reached by the Sankhyas, that is reached by the yogis as well. He sees who sees Sankhya and yoga as one.5.6But, O mighty-armed one, renunciation is hard to attain without (Karma-) yoga. The meditative man eipped with yoga attains Brahman without delay.5.7Endowed with yoga, [i.e. devoted to the performance of the nitya and naimittika duties.] pure in mind, controlled in body, a coneror of the organs, the Self of the selves of all beings-he does not become tainted even while performing actions. [The construction of the sentence is this: When this person resorts to nitya and naimittika rites and duties as a means to the achievement of fully Illumination, and thus becomes fully enlightened, then, even when he acts through the apparent functions of the mind, organs, etc., he does not become afflected.]5.8-5.9 Remaining absorbed in the Self, the knower of Reality should think, 'I certainly do not do anything', even while seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, eating, moving, sleeping, breathing, speaking, releasing, holding, opening and closing the eyes-remembering that the organs function in relation to the objects of the organs.5.9-5.9 Remaining absorbed in the Self, the knower of Reality should think, 'I certainly do not do anything', even while seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, eating, moving, sleeping, breathing, speaking, releasing, holding, opening and closing the eyes-remembering that the organs function in relation to the objects of the organs.5.10One who acts by dedicating actions to Brahman and by renouncing attachment, he does not become polluted by sin, just as a lotus leaf is not by water.