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Bhagavad Gita / Chapter 14 / Verse 12
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Bhagavad Gita 14.12

Sanskrit
Hindi
Sanskrit

लोभः प्रवृत्तिरारम्भः कर्मणामशमः स्पृहा | रजस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे भरतर्षभ

Transliteration

lobhaḥ pravṛttirārambhaḥ karmaṇāmaśamaḥ spṛhā . rajasyetāni jāyante vivṛddhe bharatarṣabha

English

O best of the Bharata dynasty, when rajas becomes predominant, these come into being: avarice, movement, undertaking of actions, unrest and hankering.

हिन्दी

हे भरत-श्रेष्ठ ! रजोगुण के प्रवृद्ध होने पर लोभ, प्रवृत्ति (सामान्य चेष्टा) कर्मों का आरम्भ, शम का अभाव तथा स्पृहा, ये सब उत्पन्न होते हैं।।

Explanation — English

Greed Covetousness Desire to appropriate the property of others a desire to possess more wealth though one has sufficient already.Pravritti Action in general.Asamah Restlessness being agitated by joy? attachment? etc. I will do this and then I wil take up that action. After finishing the second? I will take up the third? and so on. There is no end to the continuity of desire? will and action. This is called Asama or restlessness.Spriha Thirsting or longing for all sensual objects in general.These are the characteristic marks that indicate that Rajas is predominant.Do not mistake Rajasic restlessness or Rajasic movements for Karma Yoga or divine activity. People may say that they are doing selfless service to the world? but if you analyse their motives,there will be the taint of personal desire in some form or other. Many persons cannot sit iet even for a moment. They think that moving about here and there or doing some action or other is to full of life. The Yogi or sage who sits still by calming the mind? who does nothing at all physically? is the most active man in the whole world whereas the man who runs here and there and who is always very busy does nothing at all. This may be paradoxical to you. Very few can comprehend the truth of this statement. Sattva is intense activity. A wheel that revolves very rapidly appears to be at rest. So is Sattva. So is a Sattvic man.

Explanation — हिन्दी

भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण यहाँ रजोगुण के मुख्य लक्षणों की गणना करते हैं। जिस क्रम में उनका उल्लेख किया गया है? उसमें हम यह देखते हैं कि उत्तरोत्तर लक्षण पूर्व के लक्षण से उत्पन्न होता है। परद्रव्य की इच्छा का नाम है लोभ जो कभी सन्तुष्ट नहीं होता। लोभी पुरुष में आ जाती है प्रवृत्ति अर्थात् फिर वह क्रियाशील हो जाता है? शान्त नहीं बैठ सकता। लोभाधिक्य होने पर उसके किये गये कर्म स्वार्थपूर्वक ही होते हैं? जिनका निर्देश यहाँ कर्मों का आरम्भ इस शब्द से किया गया है। स्वार्थ और लोभ के वशीभूत पुरुष को शम अर्थात् शान्ति प्राप्त नहीं हो सकती। श्री शंकराचार्य अशम शब्द का अर्थ बताते हैं? हर्ष रागादि प्रवृत्ति। इसका अर्थ यह हुआ? कि ऐसा पुरुष सदैव इष्टानिष्ट की प्राप्ति होने पर हर्ष विषाद को प्राप्त होता रहता है? ऐसी स्थिति में उसे शान्ति कैसे मिल सकती है वह अपने ही कर्मों के फलस्वरूप स्वयं को ऐसी स्थिति में पाता है? जो उसे अधिकाधिक कटुतर क्रूरता? नीच अनैतिकता और हत्या जैसे अपराध करने में प्रवृत्त करती है उसकी आन्तरिक शान्ति को छिन्नभिन्न कर देती है। रजोगुण से अभिभूत यह पुरुष स्पृहा अर्थात् विषयोपभोग की लालसा के वश में भी आ जाता है। अप्राप्त वस्तुओं तथा लाभ को पाने की कभी न समाप्त होने वाली यह कामना ही स्पृहा कहलाती है।संक्षेप में? रजोगुण के स्पर्शजन्य रोग के प्रभाव से हमारा मानसिक व्यक्तित्व अपनी ही चंचल प्रवृत्तियों से उत्पीड़ित होता रहता है? जो अन्तहीन योजनाओं? थका देने वाले कर्मों? व्यथित करने वाली इच्छाओं पीड़ादायक लालसाओं? उन्मत्त करने वाले लोभ और व्यथापूर्ण व्याकुलताओं के रूप में व्यक्त होती हैं। जब ऐसा व्यक्ति समाज मे कार्य करता है तब उसके दुख उस तक ही सीमित नहीं रहते? वरन् स्पर्शजन्य रोग के समान? उसके आसपास के सहस्रों लोगों को भी व्यथित करते हैं।

Sanskrit
English
लोभः
greed
प्रवृत्तिः
activity
आरम्भः
the undertaking
कर्मणाम्
of actions
अशमः
restlessness
स्पृहा
longing
रजसि
in Rajas
एतानि
these
जायन्ते
arise
विवृद्धे
having become predominant
भरतर्षभ
O best of the Bharatas (or O Lord of the Bharatas).
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More from Chapter 14

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14.1The Blessed Lord said I shall speak again of the supreme Knowledge, the best of all knowledges, by realizing which all the contemplatives reached the highest Perfection from here.14.2Those who attain identity with Me by resorting of this Knowledge are not born even during creation, nor do they suffer pain during dissolution.14.3My womb is the great-sustainer. In that I place the seed. From that, O scion of the Bharata dynasty, occurs the birth of all things.14.4O son of Kunti, whatever forms are born from all the wombs, of them the great-sustainer is the womb; I am the father who deposits the seed.14.5O mighty-armed one, the alities, viz sattva, rajas and tamas, born of Nature, being the immutable embodies being to the body.14.6Among them, sattva, being pure, [Nirmala, pure-transparent, i.e., capable of resisting any form of ignorance, and hence as illuminator, i.e.a revealer of Consciousness.] is an illuminator and is harmless. O sinless one, it binds through attachment to happiness and attachment to knowledge.14.7Know rajas to be of the nature of passion, born of hankering and attachment. O son of Kunti, that binds the embodied one through attachment to action.14.8On the other hand, know tamas, which deludes all embodied beings, to be born of ignorance. O scion of the Bharata dynasty, that binds through inadvertence, laziness and sleep.14.9O scion of the Bharata dynasty, sattva attaches one to happiness, rajas to action, while tamas, covering up knowledge, leads to inadvertence also.14.10O scion of the Bharata dynasty, sattva increases by subduing rajas and tamas, rajas by overpowering sattva and tamas, and tamas by dominating over sattva and rajas.