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  • 1.Arjuna Vishada Yoga
  • 2.Sankhya Yoga
  • 3.Karma Yoga
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  • 5.Karma Sanyasa Yoga
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  • 10.Vibhuti Yoga
  • 11.Vishwarupa Darshana Yoga
  • 12.Bhakti Yoga
  • 13.Kshetra Kshetrajna Vibhaga Yoga
  • 14.Gunatraya Vibhaga Yoga
  • 15.Purushottama Yoga
  • 16.Daivasura Sampad Vibhaga Yoga
  • 17.Shraddhatraya Vibhaga Yoga
  • 18.Moksha Sanyasa Yoga
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Bhagavad Gita / Chapter 12 / Verse 1
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Bhagavad Gita 12.1

Sanskrit
Hindi
Sanskrit

अर्जुन उवाच | एवं सततयुक्ता ये भक्तास्त्वां पर्युपासते | ये चाप्यक्षरमव्यक्तं तेषां के योगवित्तमाः

Transliteration

arjuna uvāca . evaṃ satatayuktā ye bhaktāstvāṃ paryupāsate . ye cāpyakṣaramavyaktaṃ teṣāṃ ke yogavittamāḥ

English

Arjuna said Those devotees who, being thus ever dedicated, meditate on You, and those again (who meditate) on the Immutable, the Unmanifested-of them, who are the best experiencers of yoga [(Here) yoga means samadhi, spiritual absorption.] ?

हिन्दी

अर्जुन ने कहा -- जो भक्त, सतत युक्त होकर इस (पूर्वोक्त) प्रकार से आपकी उपासना करते हैं और जो भक्त अक्षर, और अव्यक्त की उपासना करते हैं, उन दोनों में कौन उत्तम योगवित् है।।

Explanation — English

The twelfth discourse goes to prove that Bhakti Yoga or the Yoga of devotion is much easier than Jnana Yoga or the Yoga of knowledge. In Bhakti Yoga the devotee establishes a near and dear relationship with the Lord. He cultivates slowly and one of the five Bhavas (attitudes) according to his temperament? taste and capacity. The five attitudes are the Santa Bhava (the attitutde of peaceful adoration) Dasya Bhava (the attitude of servant towards the master) Sakhya Bhava (the attitude of a friend) Vatsalya Bhava (the attitude of a parent to the child) and Madhurya Bhava (the attitutde of the lover towards the beloved). The devotee adopts these attitudes towards the Lord. The last (Madhurya Bhava) is the culmination of devotion. It is merging or absorption in the Lord.The devotee adores the Lord. He constantly remembers Him (Smarana). He sings His Name (Kirtana). He speaks of His glories. He repeats His Name. He chants His Mantra (Japa). He prays and prostrates himself. He hears His Lilas (divine plays). He does total? ungrudging and unconditional selfsurrender? obtains His grace? hols communion wih? and eventually gets absorbed in Him.The devotee begins by worshipping the idols or the symbols of God. Then he performs internal worship of the Form. Ultimately he is led to the supreme worship of the allpervading Brahman (Para Puja).Thus As declared in the last verse of the previous chapter.Avyaktam The unmanifested? i.e.? incomprehensible to the senses? transcending all limiting adjuncts. The unmanifested Brahman is beyond all limitations. That which is visible to the senses is called Vyakta or manifest.The hearts of the devotees are wholly fixed on Thee. They worship Thee with all their heart and soul.There are others who worship the unmanifested Brahman which is beyond time? space and causation? which is attributeless? which is eternal and indefinable? which is beyond the reach of speech and mind. These are the wise sages.Of these two? the devotees and the men of knowledge -- who are the better knowers of Yoga (Cf.XI.55)

Explanation — हिन्दी

यद्यपि भगवद्गीता के दार्शनिक प्रवचन संवाद की शैली में लिखे गये हैं? तथापि उनमें विचारों के क्रमिक विकास की कभी भी उपेक्षा नहीं की गई है। उसमें न केवल एक अध्याय के अन्तर्गत विचारों में संगति है? वरन् एक अध्याय से अन्य अघ्यायों के मध्य भी यही संगति देखने को मिलती है। पूर्व अध्याय की समाप्ति भगवान् के इस आश्वासन के साथ हुई थी कि कोई भी साधक भक्त अनन्यभक्ति के द्वारा ईश्वर के विराट् वैभव का स्वयं में साक्षात् अनुभव कर सकता है। इस चुनौती भरे वाक्य ने क्षत्रिय राजपुत्र अर्जुन की महत्त्वाकांक्षा को जगा दिया। जगत् के एक व्यावहारिक पुरुष के रूप में वह जानना चाहता है कि वह परमात्मा के कौन से रूप की उपासना करे।यहाँ प्रश्न बड़ी बुद्धिमत्तापूर्वक रखा गया है। यह सुविदित तथ्य है कि जगत् में दो प्रकार के साधक होते हैं? जो वस्तुत एक ही साध्य को प्राप्त करने के लिए साधनारत होते हैं। कोई साधक परमात्मा के सगुण? साकार व्यक्त रूप की आराधनाउपासना करते हैं? जबकि अन्य साधक निर्गुण? निराकार अव्यक्त का ध्यान करते हैं। दोनों ही निष्ठावान् हैं और अपनेअपने मार्ग पर प्रगति की ओर अग्रसर होते हैं। परन्तु? प्रश्न यह है कि इन दोनों में कौन उत्तम योगवित् या योगनिष्ठ है।दर्शनशास्त्र में इन्द्रियगोचर वस्तु को व्यक्त कहते हैं तथा जो वस्तु प्रमाण गोचर नहीं होती? उसे अव्यक्त कहा जाता है। विद्यार्थी दशा में अर्जुन को यह बताया गया था कि परमात्मा अव्यक्त और सर्वव्यापी है। परन्तु? पूर्व अध्याय में ही उसने ईश्वरी विराट रूप का साक्षात् दर्शन किया था। वह उसका व्यक्तिगत अनुभव था। स्वाभाविक ही है कि आध्यात्मिक विकास के लिए मार्गदर्शन का इच्छुक अर्जुन एक उचित प्रश्न पूछता है कि सगुण और निर्गुण के इन दो उपासकों में कौन साधक श्रेष्ठ है सगुण और निर्गुण में श्रेष्ठता का प्रश्न आज भी विवाद का विषय बना हुआ है। क्या मूर्तिपूजा के द्वारा ईश्वर का ध्यान और साक्षात्कार किया जा सकता है क्या कोई भी प्रतीक परमात्मा का सूचक हो सकता है क्या एक तरंग समुद्र का प्रतीक या प्रतिनिधि बन सकती है प्रथम? भगवान् श्रीकृष्ण सगुणोपासना का वर्णन करते हुए कहते हैं

Sanskrit
English
एवम्
thus
सततयुक्ताः
ever steadfast
ये
who
भक्ताः
devotees
त्वाम्
Thee
पर्युपासते
worship
ये
who
च
and
अपि
also
अक्षरम्
the imperishable
अव्यक्तम्
the unmanifested
तेषाम्
of them
के
who
योगवित्तमाः
better versed in Yoga.
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More from Chapter 12

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12.2The Blessed Lord said Those who meditate on Me by fixing their minds on Me with steadfast devotion (and) being endowed with supreme faith-they are considered to be the most perfect yogis according to Me.12.3Swami Gambirananda did not comment on this sloka12.4By fully controlling all the organs and always being even-minded, they, engaged in the welfare of all beings, attain Me alone.12.5For them who have their minds attached to the Unmanifested the struggle is greater; for, the Goal which is the Unmanifest is attained with difficulty by the embodied ones.12.6As for those who, having dedicated all actions to Me and accepted Me as the supreme, meditate by thinking of Me with single-minded concentration only-.12.7O son of Prtha, for them who have their minds absorbed in Me, I become, without delay, the Deliverer from the sea of the world which is fraught with death.12.8Fix the mind on Me alone; in Me alone rest the intellect. There is no doubt that hereafter you will dwell in Me alone. [For the sake of metre, eva and atah (in the second line of the verse) are not joined together (to form evatah).]12.9If, however, you are unable to establish the mind steadily on Me, then, O Dhananjaya, seek to attain Me through the Yoga of Practice.12.10If you are unable even to practise, be intent on works for Me. By undertaking works for Me as well, you will attain perfection. [Identity with Brahman.]12.11If you are unable to do even this, in that case, having resorted to the Yoga for Me, thereafter renounce the results of all works by becoming controlled in mind.